酸法地浸采铀硫酸稀释放热应用研究  

Study on application of sulfuric acid dilution exothermic in acid in-situ leaching of uranium

作　　者：王亚安 闻振乾 苏学斌 姚益轩[1] 胥国龙[1] 张翀[1] WANG Yaan;WEN Zhenqian;SU Xuebin;YAO Yixuan;XU Guolong;ZHANG Chong(Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Engineering and Metallurgy,Beijing 101149,China;China National Uranium Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100010,China)

机构地区：[1]核工业北京化工冶金研究院,北京101149 [2]中国铀业有限公司,北京100010

出　　处：《中国矿业》2022年第6期151-157,171,共8页China Mining Magazine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金核技术创新联合基金资助(编号:U1967208);中核集团集中研发项目资助(编号:中核科发[2018]111号)。

摘　　要：地浸采铀是我国砂岩型铀矿床开采的重要方法,硫酸因具有价格低廉、性质稳定及对矿石中铀浸出率高等优点成为酸法地浸采铀首选的浸出剂原料。然而,在酸法地浸采铀工艺中,配制浸出剂时存在大量热浪费的现象,将这些热量用于地浸采铀需加热的环节,不仅有助于提升工艺效果,还能有效降低成本。本文基于硫酸稀释放热理论计算和室内试验、现场试验,开展了不同工艺环节及参数对硫酸稀释热利用效率的影响研究,并确定了最佳工艺参数。结果表明,硫酸稀释热可改善地浸采铀工艺“淋萃流程”环节的反萃取效果,消除乳化现象,降低贫有机相及萃余水中的铀浓度,并能提高废液处理环节的蒸发池内废水温度和蒸发速度,从而减小蒸发池占地面积,降低成本。硫酸稀释放热原理简单,实现方法简便且高效低耗,将硫酸稀释热用于酸法地浸采铀可有效减轻工艺过程中存在的热浪费现象,具有明显优势。In-situ leaching of uranium is an important method for the exploitation of sandstone-type uranium deposits in China.Sulfuric acid has become the preferred lixiviant for uranium acid in-situ leaching because of its low price,stable property and high leaching rate of uranium from ore.However,in the process of uranium acid in-situ leaching,there is a large amount of heat waste in the preparation of leaching lixiviant.Applying the heat in the processes that need to be heated for uranium in-situ leaching can not only help to improve the process effect,but also reduce the cost and energy saving.Based on theoretical calculation of sulfuric acid dilution heat release and laboratory and field tests,the effects of different processes and parameters on the utilization efficiency of sulfuric acid dilution heat are studied,and the optimal process parameters are determined.The results show that sulfuric acid dilution heat could improve the reverse-extraction effect of“eluex process”,eliminate emulsification,reduce the concentration of uranium in poor organic phase and residual water,and increase the temperature and evaporation rate of waste water in the evaporation tank of waste liquid treatment,so as to reduce the area of evaporation tank and reduce the cost.The principle and realization method of sulfuric acid dilution heat release is simple,and the performance is high efficiency and low consumption.Consequently,the application of sulfuric acid dilution heat in acid leaching uranium mining can effectively reduce the heat waste phenomenon in the process,which has obvious advantages.

关 键 词：地浸采铀 硫酸 浸出液 稀释热 萃取 蒸发 

分 类 号：TL212.1[核科学技术—核燃料循环与材料]