盐-旱复合胁迫对水稻种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响  

Effects of salinity-drought combined stress on seed germination and seedling growth of rice

作　　者：张徐彬 陈熙 葛佳琳 陈英龙 戴其根 孟天瑶 韦还和 ZHANG Xubin;CHEN Xi;GE Jialin;CHEN Yinglong;DAI Qigen;MENG Tianyao;WEI Huanhe(Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Hiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225009,China;Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agroproduct Safefy,Ministry of Education/Institute of Agricultural Science and Technological Development,Yangzhou.University,Yangzhou 225009,China)

机构地区：[1]扬州大学江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室/江苏省作物栽培生理重点实验室/江苏省粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心/水稻产业工程技术研究院,江苏扬州225009 [2]扬州大学教育部农业与农产品安全国际合作联合实验室/农业科技发展研究院,江苏扬州225009

出　　处：《扬州大学学报（农业与生命科学版）》2022年第2期29-35,共7页Journal of Yangzhou University：Agricultural and Life Science Edition

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(32001466、31901448);中国博士后基金面上项目(2020M671628);江苏省重点研发计划项目(BE2015337、BE2016370);国家科技支撑计划项目(2015BAD01B03);江苏省优势学科建设工程项目(PAPD)。

摘　　要：以江苏沿海滩涂大面积种植的水稻品种甬优2640和南粳9108为试材,模拟单一盐胁迫(100 mmol·L^(-1) NaCl溶液,S处理)、单一干旱胁迫(15%PEG-6000溶液,D处理)和盐-旱复合胁迫(100 mmol·L^(-1) NaCl与15%PEG-6000混合溶液,S+D处理)进行发芽试验,并以清水作为对照(CK),探究S+D处理对水稻种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:与CK相比,S、D和S+D处理下水稻种子发芽进程受到明显抑制,幼苗根系长度、根系数目、苗高、根系和地上部干重降低,幼苗叶片水势、相对含水量和叶绿素含量均呈下降趋势,幼苗叶片和根系脱落酸含量、叶片丙二醛含量以及叶片超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶活性均上升。与S、D处理相比,S+D处理水稻种子发芽率有所提高,幼苗根系长度、数目、苗高及根系和地上部干重提高,幼苗叶片水势下降而相对含水量和叶绿素含量提高,幼苗叶片和根系脱落酸显著降低,叶片丙二醛含量、超氧化物歧化酶和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶活性下降,叶片过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶活性上升。综合而言,S+D处理植株脱落酸含量和丙二醛含量较S、D处理低,从而缓解对植株叶片和根系生长的抑制,保证相对较强的根系吸水能力和叶片保水能力,使水稻种子萌发和幼苗生长发育表现出一定的适应性,在一定程度上可缓解对水稻种子萌发和幼苗生长的抑制效应。The rice varieties Yongyou 2640 and Nanjing 9108 grown widely along the beach in Jiangsu Province were adopted to simulate single salinity stress(100 mmol·L^(-1) NaCl solution,S treatment),single drought stress(15%PEG-6000 solution,D treatment),salinity-drought combined stress(100 mmol·L^(-1) NaCl and 15%PEG-6000 mixed solution,S+D treatment),and clean water was used as a control(CK)to explore the effects of S+D on seed germination and seedling growth of rice.Compared with CK,S,D,and S+D decreased the germination rate of rice seeds,reduced root length and number,seedling height,and dry weights of root and shoot,decreased water potential,relative water content,and chlorophyll content of leaves,increased abscisic acid(ABA)content in leaves and roots and malondialdehyde(MDA)content in leaves,as well as superoxide dismutase(SOD),ascorbate peroxidase(APX),peroxidase(POD),and catalase(CAT)activities in leaves.Compared with S and D treatments,S+D increased the germination rate of rice seeds,increased root length and number,seedling height,and dry weights of root and shoot,increased water potential,relative water content,and chlorophyll content of leaves,reduced ABA content in leaves and roots and MDA content in leaves and SOD and APX activities,and increased POD and CAT activities in leaves.Our results suggested that compared with S and D,the rice plant had lower ABA and MDA contents under S+D,which alleviated the inhibition of plant shoot and root growth,and ensured relatively strong root water absorption capacity and leaves water-holding capacity.Such traits would make rice plants show certain adaptability to the stress during seed germination and seedling growth,and reduce the inhibitory effect on rice seed germination and seedling growth to a certain extent.

关 键 词：水稻 盐-旱复合胁迫 种子萌发 幼苗生长 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]