改良后农田参主要农艺性状、土壤养分及皂苷含量间相关性分析  

Correlation analysis of main agronomic characters,soil nutrients and saponin content of improved farmland ginseng

作　　者：房雪 叶强[2] 李翔国[1] FANG Xue;YE Qiang;LI Xiangguo(College of Agriculture,Yanbian University,Yanji 133002,China;Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Longjing 133400,China)

机构地区：[1]延边大学农学院,吉林延吉133002 [2]延边朝鲜族自治州农业科学院,吉林龙井133400

出　　处：《扬州大学学报（农业与生命科学版）》2022年第2期45-53,共9页Journal of Yangzhou University：Agricultural and Life Science Edition

基　　金：吉林省重大科技专项子项目(20200504002YY);延边大学校企合作项目[延大科合字(2018)43号]。

摘　　要：土壤养分状况会影响人参的产量与品质,延边地区农田参种植过程中存在有机质含量低、肥力差、病害多等问题,严重制约人参产业的发展。以延吉市朝阳川镇农田土壤为基础,将3种不同的改良基质(稻草、腐熟猪粪、微量元素水溶性肥)按不同配比设置处理,分析土壤养分含量及其与人参总皂苷含量的相关性,确定适合人参生长发育的配比。结果表明:3种改良基质组合对人参土壤的改良均有一定的效果,总体而言,3种基质的施入明显增加土壤养分含量,更适于人参根系生长。相关分析及主成分分析显示,T5处理(稻草4 kg·m^(-2)、腐熟猪粪2 kg·m^(-2)、微量元素水溶肥料50 g·m^(-2))为最优配比,3种改良基质以不同的配比组合后与CK相比,对株高、茎粗、叶长、叶宽、根粗、主根长、鲜重、干重及总皂苷含量有显著的促进作用。Soil nutrient condition is the key factors limiting ginseng planting,which affects the yield and quality of ginseng.There are some problems in the process of ginseng planting in Yanbian area,such as low organic matter concentration,poor fertility and various diseases,which seriously restrict the development of ginseng industry.In this study,based on the farmland soil of Chaoyangchuan,three different improved substrates(rice straw,decomposed pig manure,trace element water-soluble fertilizer)were applied with different ratios to determine the suitable ratio for the growth and development of ginseng.The main results were as follows:the three matrix combinations had a certain effect on the improvement of Ginseng soil,in general,the application of the three matrix significantly increased the soil nutrient content,which was more suitable for ginseng root growth.Through the analysis of soil nutrient content,correlation analysis and principal component analysis between soil nutrient and total saponin content,the results showed that T5 treatment(rice straw 4 kg·m^(-2),decomposed pig manure 2 kg·m^(-2),trace element water-soluble fertilizer 50 g·m^(-2))was the best ratio,and the three improved substrates with different ratios had significant promotion effect on plant height,stem diameter,leaf length,leaf width,root diameter,main root length,fresh weight,dry weight and total saponin content compared with the control.

关 键 词：农田参 土壤改良 土壤养分 人参皂苷 

分 类 号：S567.23[农业科学—中草药栽培]