湖泊沉积物古DNA揭示气候环境变化和生态演化  

Lake sedimentary ancient DNA (sedaDNA) reveals paleoclimatic change and ecological evolution

作　　者：王晶[1] 徐海[1] WANG Jing;XU Hai(School of Earth System Science,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China)

机构地区：[1]天津大学地球系统科学学院,天津300072

出　　处：《地球环境学报》2022年第2期132-162,共31页Journal of Earth Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(U20A2078);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(B类)(XDB40010300)。

摘　　要：广泛分布的湖泊为连续沉积和保存历史时期多样化生物核酸分子提供了绝佳的自然档案。随着近年来古DNA提取和测序技术的进步以及组学技术的发展,利用湖泊沉积物古DNA重建古生态演化及其对气候变化和人类活动的差异性响应得到广泛而深入的研究。本文回顾了古DNA研究的历史背景、理论基础,以及湖泊沉积物古DNA保存的影响因素和生物信息学分析流程;重点评述了湖泊沉积物古DNA在揭示气候环境变化、生物多样性及流域生态系统演化、物种定殖与外来物种入侵、人类活动影响、环境生态功能基因演化及其在细胞器基因组和古生态时间序列分析研究中的诸多应用和进展。同时还介绍了当前研究面临的局限和挑战以及组学技术在古DNA研究中的发展概况,分析了当前研究尚存的不足,并展望了未来可能的努力方向。Background,aim,and scope Lake sediment records provide an archive of past climate and ecological evolution.Recent advances in paleogenomic sequencing have enabled the analysis of sedimentary ancient DNA (sedaDNA) from lakes globally,and thus allow the molecular reconstruction of long-term ecological changes and their responses to climatic change and anthropogenic impacts.Here,we summarize the historical background to the study of ancient DNA and the factors affecting DNA in lake sediments.The major bioinformatic pipelines and other recent advances,up to the present,are also reviewed.We then examine the recent applications of sedaDNA,particularly in terms of paleoclimate and evolutionary events.Finally,we recommend future research based on current knowledge and technical feasibility.Materials and methods We compiled a series of publications about sedaDNA retrieved from different environmental settings,covering multiple taxonomic groups and abundant case studies across diverse spatiotemporal scales.Results SedaDNA-based evolutionary inferences provide insights into paleoenvironmental compositions and dynamics,floral and faunal dispersal,and ecologies under selection pressures in different areas.Studies have shown that the preservation characteristics of sedaDNA are mainly controlled by environmental features,geochemical conditions,and biotic factors.The data analysis workflows for high-throughput sedaDNA sequencing assays include:(1) the segregation of environmental specimens;(2) DNA extraction and library preparation;(3) PCR amplification and next-generation sequencing;(4) phylogenetic analysis;(5) identification of endogenous sedaDNA from the environmental context;and(6) quantification of exogenous contamination and the establishment of a molecular damage model.Numerous studies have demonstrated the potential utility of the sedaDNA in lakes as a powerful tool to better understand the biological past and trace evolutionary history in real time.Discussion The characterization of past climate change,ecosystems,and a

关 键 词：湖泊沉积物 古DNA 组学技术 气候变化 生态系统演化 

分 类 号：P532[天文地球—古生物学与地层学] P512.2[天文地球—地质学]