采煤扰动下潜水位及包气带水分变化特征  

Variation characteristics of water table and water content in vadose zone under disturbance of coal mining

作　　者：王格 郭欣伟[2,3] 党素珍 Wang Ge;Guo Xinwei;Dang Suzhen(College of Hydrology and Water Resources,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China;Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research,Yellow River Conservancy Commission,Zhengzhou 450003,China;Henan Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment Protection and Restoration of Yellow River Basin,Zhengzhou 450003,China)

机构地区：[1]河海大学水文水资源学院,南京210098 [2]黄河水利委员会黄河水利科学研究院,郑州450003 [3]河南省黄河流域生态环境保护与修复重点实验室,郑州450003

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2022年第6期105-112,共8页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51909099)。

摘　　要：为更好地了解采煤扰动下潜水位及包气带水分变化规律,在陕北典型矿区开展了降雨、潜水位、包气带土壤含水率等水循环要素的野外原位观测试验,基于观测数据,采用Spearman秩相关系数检验、小波分析等方法,分析了未开采区及采空区潜水位和包气带水分的变化特征。结果表明:未开采区地下水位对于降水的响应明显且时间上存在4、5个月的滞后,采煤扰动后,地下潜水位持续下降,与降水响应关系微弱;在垂向上,未开采区较大降水可对100 cm以下埋深的土壤含水率产生影响,采空区土壤含水率总体减小,且同降水的响应程度不显著,含水率最大值相对于未开采区出现时间提前,50 cm以下埋深的土壤含水率对小强度降水无响应。采煤扰动潜水位下降后造成包气带增厚,包气带损耗的水量增加,随之造成降雨入渗补给地下水减少,进一步加剧了潜水位下降。Human activities commonly dominate the water source,such as moisture conditions,even for the surface subsidence,fissure zone,more severe groundwater exploitation,and complex precipitation in the semi-arid areas.This study aims to determine the variation of groundwater level and water content in the vadose zone in typical mining areas of Northern Shaanxi Province in China.The relationship between precipitation and groundwater was established by in-situ observation,statistical and wavelet analysis from the perspective of the water cycle.Some parameters were also measured,including the precipitation,groundwater table and soil moisture content in the vadose zone under the disturbance of coal mining.Particularly,the vadose zone dominated the infiltration,evapotranspiration,groundwater recharge and discharge in the water cycle.The interaction mechanism was also proposed for the response of groundwater level and water content to the changes in precipitation in both unmined areas and mining areas.The self-test system,groundwater observation wells and sensors were used to evaluate the rainfall,phreatic water level,soil moisture,and water potential in the mining areas.The soil water movement was monitored in the depths of about 10,20,30,40,50,80,100,and 150 cm in the unmined areas and in the depths of about 10,20,30,and 50 cm in the mining areas.After that,an evaluation was made on the variation of groundwater level under the disturbance of coal mining,the trend of soil moisture content with the depth,and the relationship between soil moisture content and rainfall response before and after coal mining.The results show that there was an outstanding response of groundwater level to precipitation in the unmined areas,where the absolute value of correlation coefficient reached more than 0.7.There was also a lag of about four or five months.There was no effect of small intensity of precipitation(like 50 mm)on the soil water content near the depth below 100 cm in the unmined area,but the larger precipitation(60 mm)infiltrated th

关 键 词：煤矿 含水率 潜水位 包气带 降水 

分 类 号：TV213.9[水利工程—水文学及水资源]