非对称保温塑料大棚内主动通风式酿热补气系统应用初探  

Application of an active ventilation fermentation heating and supplemental gas system in asymmetric plastic greenhouse

作　　者：曹晏飞[1] 石苗 王笛 杨士晔 李建明[1] 孙国涛[2] Cao Yanfei;Shi Miao;Wang Di;Yang Shiye;Li Jianming;Sun Guotao(College of Horticulture,Northwest A&F University,Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Engineering in Northwest,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Yangling,712100,China;College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学园艺学院,农业农村部西北设施园艺工程重点实验室,杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学机械与电子工程学院,杨凌712100

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2022年第6期204-212,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：陕西省重点研发计划项目(2019TSLNY01-03);陕西省技术创新引导专项(基金)项目(2021QFY08-02);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金资助项目(CARS-23-C05)。

摘　　要：为提高保温型塑料大棚室内空气温度、CO_(2)浓度,该研究在非对称保温塑料大棚内部设计了一种便于控制通风时间的主动通风式酿热补气系统,该系统主要包括发酵池(长×宽×高:7.0 m×2.0 m×2.0 m)、透气板、过滤装置及喷灌装置。以牛粪和小麦、玉米和番茄秸秆为原料,探究了堆肥发酵过程中的温度特征、棚内增温效果、CO_(2)补充效果及其他有害气体扩散特征。结果表明:1)该系统内堆体温度50℃以上共计30 d;2)与对照塑料大棚相比,试验塑料大棚提高夜间空气温度1~3℃;3)堆肥过程中释放的CO_(2)气体使182 m^(2)测量区域内的平均CO_(2)浓度最高达到1997μmol/mol;4)测量区域内NH_(3)、N_(2)O、CH_(4)的浓度变化范围分别是5.7~18.5、1.0~2.4、115~315μmol/mol。主动通风式酿热补气系统可为保温型塑料大棚提供热量和作物生长所需的CO_(2)。A thermal insulation plastic greenhouse has been widely used in China,due to the cost-saving,ease to build,and heat preservation.The original heat preservation can be maintained for the air temperature and CO_(2) concentration in the insulation plastic greenhouses with the large span double arch and double membrane.In this study,an active ventilation fermentation heating and supplemental gas system(AVFHSGS)was designed to control the ventilation time in the asymmetric insulation plastic greenhouse.The system included a fermentation tank(long×wide×height:7.0 m×2.0 m×2.0 m),an air-permeable plate,filter,air replenishment,and sprinkler irrigation device.A field experiment was carried out,where the cow dung,wheat,corn,and tomato straw were taken as the raw materials,and the ratio of cow dung to straw was 3:1 for the active ventilation in aerobic fermentation.There was a large annual output of livestock and poultry manure,together with the straw in China,where the raw materials for biomass fermentation were cheap and accessible.Moreover,the biological oxidative fermentation was often accompanied by the generation and release of a large amount of heat and carbon dioxide.The released heat during composting was diffused into the environment in the form of waste heat,where CO_(2) was the raw material for photosynthesis.A high concentration of CO_(2) was selected to accelerate the net photosynthesis of tomato leaves and bloom,which was essential to the supplement gas fertilizer in the process of crop growth and development.An evaluation was made on the heat source and CO_(2) gas source for the thermal insulation plastic greenhouses,considering the temperature variation of composting fermentation in the shed,the CO_(2) supplement,and the diffusion of harmful gases,such as NH_(3),N_(2)O,and CH_(4).The results showed as follows.1)The reactor temperature in the AVFHSGS was above 50℃ for 30 days in total,and 55℃ for 17 days in total,which met the requirements of the Chinese standard for the harmless feces;2)The air temp

关 键 词：环境 温度 CO_(2) 堆肥 主动通风式酿热补气系统 

分 类 号：S216[农业科学—农业机械化工程] S625[农业科学—农业工程]