利用水位调节光伏板倾角的追日装置设计与试验  

Sunlight catching device to adjust the dip angle of photovoltaic panel through water level

作　　者：赵航 朱德兰[1,2] 梁志超 葛茂生 刘泉明[2] 张帷涵 柳昌新 Zhao Hang;Zhu Delan;Liang Zhichao;Ge Maosheng;Liu Quanming;Zhang Weihan;Liu Changxin(Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas,Ministry of Education,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China;College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China;Breeding and Seed Production of Agricultural Crops of Tashkent State Agrarian University,Tashkent 100140,Uzbekistan)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室,杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院,杨凌712100 [3]塔什干国立农业大学农作物育种与生产学院,塔什干100140

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2022年第6期221-229,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFE0103000);陕西省重点研发计划(2020ZDLNY01-01);国家自然科学基金项目(52009111)。

摘　　要：针对固定式光伏装置在光伏水泵提水系统应用中存在太阳能利用率低的问题,该研究提出了一种基于水位变化调节光伏板倾角的追日策略,并开发出适于光伏提水系统的三点支撑型追日装置。通过理论推导、模型计算和试验测试等,对装置的浮球驱动、恒流进水、虹吸泄水和二次补水调节等组成单元的关键技术参数进行了设计与试验验证。研究结果表明:采用三点支撑结构及浮球浮力可保证光伏板的自东向西平稳追日,虹吸效应可实现光伏板的自动复位,二次补水调节可保证该装置对各种天气类型的适用性;与固定式光伏板相比,在晴天工况下,本装置全天太阳辐射的接收量同比提高28.56%,水泵提水量增幅为34.74%;在多云工况下,二次调节补水装置补充水箱水量,保证光伏板追日的连续性,全天辐射接收量同比提高32.56%,水泵提水量增幅为40.82%。该研究实现了光伏提水与光伏板追日相结合,为提高光伏板发电效率提供新思路。A simple structure can greatly contribute to the solar energy efficiency of the stationary photovoltaic installations in photovoltaic water pumping systems.In this study,a sun-chasing strategy was proposed to adjust the inclination of photovoltaic panels using water level.A three-point support sun-tracking device was also developed suitable for the photovoltaic water lifting system.A theoretical model was then constructed to determine the mathematical relationships with the water inlet flow in the water tank and the rotation inclination of the photovoltaic panel.An experiment was conducted to verify the key technical parameters of the floating ball drive,such as the water inlet of constant current,siphon water discharge,and the secondary water replenishment.As such,the structure,composition and operation were realized for the key components of the sun-chasing device.The result shows that the three-point support structure and the buoyancy of the floating ball were provided for the photovoltaic panel smoothly chasing the sun from the east to west,while the siphoning effect was benefit for the automatic reset of photovoltaic panels.The secondary water supply was also adjusted suitable for the various weather.The solar radiation during the whole day increased by 28.56%and 32.56%under the sunny and cloudy day,respectively,and the capacity of water pumping increased by 34.74%and 40.82%,indicating the higher performance of sun tracking than before.The secondary water-supply device was utilized to supply the continuous water for the tank of photovoltaic panels following the sun.Therefore,the multiple photovoltaic panels chasing the sun can be installed a siphon drain,a secondary water replenishment,an inlet device of constant flow,and the float drive device.Then,the multiple devices can be extended for the large-area photovoltaic power generation with the significant cost reduction and simple modification.Correspondingly,the sun-chasing device was outstandingly superior to the traditional fixed photovoltaic support,indic

关 键 词：太阳能 自动化 光伏发电 三点支撑 管嘴出流 虹吸效应 机械追日 

分 类 号：S214[农业科学—农业机械化工程]