添加凹凸棒黏土对生物质固体成型燃料抗结渣性的影响  

Effects of attapulgite clay on anti-slagging behavior of densified biofuel

作　　者：李发达 李金平[1,3,4] 王志峰[1,3,5] 王金明 Vojislav Novakovic Li Fada;Li Jinping;Wang Zhifeng;Wang Jinming;Vojislav Novakovic(College of Energy and Power Engineering,Lanzhou University of Technology,Lanzhou 730050,China;Key Laboratory of Solar Power System Engineering,Gansu Province,Jiuquan Vocational and Technical College,Jiuquan 735000,China;China Northwestern Collaborative Innovation Center of Low-carbon Urbanization Technologies,Lanzhou 730050,China;Key Laboratory of Complementary Energy System of Biomass and Solar Energy,Gansu Province,Lanzhou 730050,China;Institute of Electrical Engineering,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190;Department of Energy and Process Engineering,Norwegian University of Science and Technology,Trondheim,NO-7491,Norway)

机构地区：[1]兰州理工大学能源与动力工程学院,兰州730050 [2]甘肃省太阳能发电系统工程重点试验室,酒泉职业技术学院,酒泉735000 [3]西北低碳城镇支撑技术协同创新中心,兰州730050 [4]甘肃省生物质能与太阳能互补供能系统重点试验室,兰州730050 [5]中国科学院电工研究所,北京100190 [6]挪威科技大学能源与过程工程系,特隆赫姆NO-7491

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2022年第6期230-235,共6页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFE0104900,NRC:304191-ENERGIX);国家自然科学基金项目(51676094);甘肃省陇原青年创新创业人才(团队)项目(2020RCXM125);酒泉市科技支撑项目(JKF202055-1);甘肃省高等学校产业支撑引导项目(2021CYZC-33);兰州市人才创新创业项目(2017-RC-34,2020-RC-126)。

摘　　要：针对当前生物质固体成型燃料抗结渣剂成本高、抗结渣效果差等实际问题,该研究采用凹土作为天然复合添加剂,制备了凹土添加量为0~7%的生物质固体成型燃料,并对其进行了工业分析及高位热值测定。燃烧生物质固体成型燃料获得灰样,采用高速相机采集灰样宏观形貌,采用扫描电镜(Scanning Electron Microscope,SEM)对灰样微观形貌进行分析。最后借助X荧光(X-ray Fluorescence,XRF)、X射线衍射(X-ray Diffraction,XRD)对生物质灰成分进行确定,以分析凹土抗结渣机理。结果表明,凹土添加量为3%以下时,热值下降速度较小,但灰分随凹土添加量增大而增加较快。由宏观形貌和微观形貌谱图发现,凹土可以极好地提升生物质固体成型燃料抗结渣性,这主要是因为添加凹土后,凹土改变了K的迁移途径,生成了更多KAlSiO_(4)、KAlSi_(2)O_(6)、Ca_(2)Mg(Si_(2)O_(7))等高熔点的复盐。该研究可为解决生物质固体成型燃料行业缺乏高效低成本抗结渣剂问题提供良好解决方案。Biomass has been the fourth largest energy source after coal,oil,and natural gas in the world.Densified biofuel has also drawn much attention,due to the simple preparation,high thermal efficiency,convenient storage and transportation.However,the slagging can induce the uneven heating of the grate during combustion,leading to the low heat-transfer efficiency,even some serious accidents in some cases.The additives can be an effective way to deal with slagging.But,the currently developed additives remain unclear on the anti-slagging behavior.Therefore,it is necessary to find more efficient and cheap additives for the improved anti-slagging behavior in the densified biofuel.In this study,the attapulgite clay was proposed to serve as the composite anti-slagging agent.Firstly,a series of densified biofuels were fabricated under the various doses of attapulgite clay,together with the blank control group.A proximate analysis was carried out for the high calorific values during combustion of densified biofuel.The results showed that the calorific value decreased less when the attapulgite clay addition was less than 3%.However,the ash increased rapidly with the increase of attapulgite clay addition.Secondly,the macro morphology analysis and micro morphology analysis were carried out to determine the slagging tendency of biomass ash,and the macro morphology of ash samples was collected by a high-speed camera.The results showed that the volume shrinkage of densified biofuel ash was less with the attapulgite clay addition than that without,while the SEM spectrum of biomass ash for micro morphology showed that the small ash particles were evenly distributed without agglomeration when the amount of attapulgite clay addition was more than 3%.Thirdly,the composition of biomass ash was identified by XRF and XRD,in order to clarify the anti-slagging mechanism of attapulgite clay.The organic potassium in the biomass was volatilized to the gas phase in the form of K at the temperature of 200-500℃ during heating.It is found that dur

关 键 词：燃料 生物质 凹凸棒黏土 结渣性能 工业分析 

分 类 号：TK6[动力工程及工程热物理—生物能]