中国耕地生态保护补偿的省级差序分区及补偿标准  

Provincial eco-compensation zonings and standards of cultivated land in China

作　　者：党昱譞 孔祥斌 温良友 张蚌蚌 谢臻 伦飞 Dang Yuxuan;Kong Xiangbin;Wen Liangyou;Zhang Bangbang;Xie Zhen;Lun Fei(College of Land Sciences and Technology,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;Key Laboratory for Farmland Quality Monitoring and Control,Ministry of Natural Resources,Beijing 100193,China;College of Economics and Management,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China;School of Public Management,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou 350000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学土地科学与技术学院,北京100193 [2]自然资源部农用地质量与监控重点实验室,北京100193 [3]西北农林科技大学经济管理学院,杨凌712100 [4]福建农林大学公共管理学院,福州350000

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2022年第6期254-263,共10页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目(19ZDA096);国家自然科学基金项目(42171267)。

摘　　要：耕地生态保护补偿概念的引入为中国耕地保护提供了全新视角,然而国家层面尚未形成系统的制度架构与方法。科学划定补偿分区、量化补偿标准是这一制度设计的关键。该研究以省域为研究单元,辨析耕地生态承载力的空间转移与生态公平的理论关系,依据耕地生态承载力盈亏和耕地保有量目标是否完成构建“四象限”差序分区,运用机会成本法测算补偿标准,并进一步优化支付/获偿总额。结果表明:1)2019年中国耕地生态承载力呈“北盈南亏”、耕地保有量呈“西盈东亏”的空间分异;2)补偿差序分区呈东北—西南方向“条带状穿插”的空间形态:全额获偿区以耕地大省为主(8个省级行政区),减额获偿区主要位于中部平原和丘陵区(6个省级行政区);全额支付区大多地处东部沿海发达地区(5个省级行政区),减额支付区集中在黄土高原、四川盆地、青藏高原(12个省级行政区);3)从全额支付区到全额获偿区,补偿标准均值呈“阶梯式”递减,中国耕地生态保护补偿标准为6.13万元/hm2;4)经计算,黑龙江省获偿最多为1683亿元,浙江省支付最多为2151亿元。引入洛伦兹曲线验证,得到耕地生态保护补偿使省域间财政收入差距缩小了0.06。因此,该研究提出了耕地生态保护补偿差序分区和标准量化方法,为提高耕地保护主体动力、建立国家耕地生态保护补偿制度提供了科学参考。Eco-compensation can be a tradeoff between the intensity of cultivated land protection and economic profits among regions,as the center of gravity of cultivated land area moves northward,like"large cultivated land county,small economic county"and"large grain county,poor financial county".The concept of"Payments for Environmental Services"was introduced in China,providing a new perspective on cultivated land protection.However,a complete system has not been established,in terms of the subject and object determination,compensation standard,procedure,funding source and supervision measures of cultivated land eco-compensation.It is very necessary to demarcate the payment/compensation zones,and then quantify the compensation standards in the cultivated land eco-compensation system,in order to better balance the relationship between the spatial transfer of cultivated land ecological carrying capacity(CLECC)and ecological equity.In this study,a differential zoning of"four quadrants"was constructed,according to the surplus and deficit of CLECC with the target of cultivated land retention in the provinces.Then,the opportunity cost was applied to evaluate the payment/compensation standard and optimal amount in total for the decision-making.The results show that:1)According to the shadow number of cultivated land by the province in 2019,17 and 14 provinces were characterized by the deficit and surplus zone of CLECC,respectively,indicating a spatial difference of"surplus in north and deficit in the south".About 23.21%of the ecosystem services of cultivated land were transferred from the surplus to the deficit zone.2)The payment/compensation zone presented a spatial pattern of"strip-interspersed"from the northeast to the southwest.The full-compensation zone was mainly distributed in the provinces of cultivated land areas(8 provincial administrative regions).The reduced-compensation zone was mainly located in the central and Eastern Plains(6 provincial administrative regions).The full-payment zone was mostly located in the eas

关 键 词：生态 补偿 耕地保护 生态承载力 生态足迹 耕地保有量 机会成本法 洛伦兹曲线 

分 类 号：F301.21[经济管理—产业经济]