固体浮力材料用复合泡沫的研究进展  

Research progress of syntactic foams used in solid buoyance material

作　　者：任素娥 王雅娜 杨程 REN Sue;WANG Yana;YANG Cheng(AECC Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials,Beijing 100095,China;Beijing Institute of Graphene&Technology,Beijing 100094,China)

机构地区：[1]中国航发北京航空材料研究院,北京100095 [2]北京石墨烯技术研究院有限公司,北京100094

出　　处：《材料工程》2022年第6期86-96,共11页Journal of Materials Engineering

摘　　要：浮力材料作为深海装置中一种重要的配重材料,能够对水下作业的设备起到浮力补偿的作用。固体浮力材料因密度低、强度高、吸水率低等特性近年来在深海测量、石油勘测、深海开发等领域受到广泛关注。本文首先简述了固体浮力材料及其应用背景,围绕其分类主要阐述了化学泡沫材料和复合泡沫材料的特点,并基于未来发展方向和应用前景,重点介绍了复合泡沫材料。以复合泡沫类型的固体浮力材料为核心,根据其基本组成,分别介绍了金属基、陶瓷基、树脂基及其他类型复合泡沫材料,综述了其组成、表界面微结构、外界加载速率等影响因素对物理性能、力学性能的影响规律,借助扫描断层显微技术和有限元方法分析破坏模式,揭示材料在不同加载速率下的力学行为和失效机理。本文在提高复合泡沫材料整体力学性能及先进实验表征方法方面提出展望:可通过修饰填料和树脂基体官能团的方法或加入第二增强相,提高材料整体力学性能;借助μ-CT和扫描电子显微镜,表征材料微观结构,揭示破坏机理。Buoyant materials,as an important counterweight material of the deep-sea devices,play an important role in providing the equipment with enough buoyance as much as possible.Solid buoyant materials(SBMs)have received extensively attention in deep-water surveying and development and petroleum exploration fields in recent years due to their low density,high strength and low water absorption characteristics.In this paper,the classification and the application of SBMs and their recent developments both at home and broad were firstly discussed.Typically,the SBMs can be mainly divided into the chemical and the composite syntactic foams according to their chemical composition and the composite syntactic foam was especially elaborated in this study.Secondly,four basic types of the composite syntactic foams,namely metal-,polymer-,and ceramic-matrix and other types of the syntactic foams,based on their chemical composition of the matrix and the reinforcement.The influence factors such as the essential composition,the surface microstructure,and the loading rate on the physical,mechanical,and the failure mode of the syntactic foams were summarized.The dynamical behavior and failure mechanism under different loading rates can be analyzed and revealed by the computed X-ray tomography technique combined with the finite element method.The prospects of improving overall mechanical performance and advanced experimental characterization methods of syntactic foams are summarized as follows:the overall mechanical performance can be improved by modifying functional groups of filler and resin matrix or adding a second reinforcement phase;the microstructure can be characterized and the failure mechanism revealed by means ofμ-CT and scanning electron microscope.

关 键 词：固体浮力材料 复合泡沫材料 基体 填料 断裂机理 

分 类 号：TB332[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]