海滨危废填埋场与水源缓冲距离要求及调控  

Buffering Distance between Coastal Hazardous Waste Landfill and Water Source and Its Regulation Strategy

作　　者：吉栋梁 张鲁玉 黄兆琴[1] 杜布云 徐亚[2] 杨枫[2] JI Dongliang;ZHANG Luyu;HUANG Zhaoqin;DU Buyun;XU Ya;YANG Feng(College of Environmental Ecologic,Jiangsu Open University,Nanjing 210036,China;Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China;School of Information and Electronic Engineering,Shandong Technology and Business University,Yantai 264005,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏开放大学环境生态学院,江苏南京210036 [2]中国环境科学研究院,北京100012 [3]山东工商学院信息与电子工程学院,山东烟台264005

出　　处：《环境科学研究》2022年第6期1499-1508,共10页Research of Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(No.2020YFC1806304,2018YFC1800902);江苏省产学研合作项目(No.BY2021529)。

摘　　要：针对海滨地区特殊水文地质条件下危废填埋场(HWL)缓冲距离需求不明的问题,建立了污染物释放、渗漏及其在地下介质中迁移转化的多过程模拟模型以预测渗漏条件下污染物的稀释衰减,同时结合基于风险的安全用水限值的确定,构建了缓冲距离计算框架模型,并选择某海滨场地开展案例研究.结果表明:①不同类型污染物所需要的稀释衰减倍数(RDAF)不同,由于渗滤液中2,4-二氯苯酚(2,4-D)初始浓度大、毒性强,需稀释衰减2250倍,而重金属镍(Ni)和锌(Zn),只需分别稀释衰减34和135倍.②不同污染物的稀释衰减对距离的依赖程度不同,导致实现相同的RDAF需要的缓冲距离也不同,有机物的稀释衰减倍数对距离更为敏感,因此,尽管2,4-D的RDAF最大,但缓冲距离仅为92 m;反之,Ni的缓冲距离达755 m,而由于Zn的RDAF更大,其缓冲距离高达2070 m.③综合考虑所有污染物,案例危废填埋场的缓冲距离需要达到2070 m,若进一步考虑参数不确定性并保障95%置信水平下的安全用水要求,缓冲距离需在3000 m以上.最后,针对敏感水源与危废填埋场实际距离不能满足所需缓冲距离的情景,提出了通过固化稳定化等预处理手段优化调控缓冲距离的方法,以Zn为例,通过预处理将废物中Zn的浸出浓度从120 mg/L分别降至108、72、49、31、19 mg/L时,可将缓冲距离从2070 m分别调控至2000、1600、1200、800、400 m.研究显示,海滨地区危废填埋场对缓冲距离的需求远高于内陆平原型场地,但可通过调控废物入场的浸出浓度实现对缓冲距离的调控.In view of the unknown requirement for buffering distance of hazardous waste landfill(HWL)under special hydrogeological conditions in coastal areas,a multi process simulation model of pollutant release,leakage and its migration transformation in the subsurface medium is constructed to predict the dilution and attenuation of pollutants under leakage conditions.Combined with the determination of risk-based safe water limits,a calculation framework model of buffer distance is constructed,and was applied in a coastal site.The results show that:(1)Different types of pollutants require different dilution and attenuation times(RDAF).Due to the high initial concentration and strong toxicity in the leachate,2,4-dichlorophenol(2,4-D)needs to be diluted and attenuated by 2250 times,while the heavy metals nickel(Ni)and zinc(Zn)only need to be diluted and attenuated by 34 and 135 times respectively.(2)The dilution attenuation of different pollutants depends on the distance differently,resulting in different buffer distances required to achieve the same RDAF.The dilution attenuation factor of organic matter is more sensitive to the distance.Therefore,although the RDAF of 2,4-D is the largest,the buffer distance is only 92 m;On the contrary,the buffer distance of Ni is up to 755 m,while the buffer distance of Zn is up to 2070 m due to the larger RDAF of Zn.(3)Considering all pollutants comprehensively,the buffer distance of the case HWL needs to reach 2070 m.If further considering the parameter uncertainty and ensuring the safe water requirements at the 95%confidence level,the buffer distance should to be more than 3000 m.Finally,in view of the situation that the actual distance between the sensitive water source and HWL cannot meet the required buffer distance,a method of optimizing the buffer distance by pretreatment methods such as solidification and stabilization is proposed.Taking Zn as an example,when the leaching concentration of Zn in the waste is reduced from 120 mg/L to 108,72,49,31 and 19 mg/L respectively through pr

关 键 词：稀释衰减 安全用水 渗滤液 重金属 

分 类 号：X327[环境科学与工程—环境工程]