生态环境损害鉴定评估启动的驱动因素与机制完善:基于949个案例的实证研究  

Driving Factors and Mechanism Improvement of Starting Identification and Assessment of Eco-Environmental Damage:An Empirical Study Based on 949 Cases

作　　者：丁霖 余文梦 竺效[2] DING Lin;YU Wenmeng;ZHU Xiao(School of Environment and Natural Resources,Renming University of China,Beijing 100872,China;Law School,Renming University of China,Beijing 100872,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学环境学院,北京100872 [2]中国人民大学法学院,北京100872

出　　处：《环境科学研究》2022年第6期1519-1526,共8页Research of Environmental Sciences

基　　金：中国人民大学“中央高校建设世界一流大学(学科)和特色发展引导专项资金”。

摘　　要：生态环境损害鉴定评估有助于生态环境损害的价值化评价与损害产生的因果关系分析,是损害修复与赔偿的重要依据.然而,现有法律与政策尚未形成完善的生态环境损害鉴定评估启动机制.为厘清生态环境损害鉴定评估启动的驱动因素,以完善启动机制,在梳理现行的生态环境损害鉴定评估法律政策的基础上,利用Probit模型分析949个环境民事司法案例数据,探讨启动生态环境损害鉴定评估的驱动因素,继而对启动机制的完善进行定性分析.结果表明:目前生态损害鉴定评估启动主体较广泛,原告方主体类型、被告方主体类型、生态环境损害类型、审理法院级别等因素对损害鉴定评估启动具有显著影响;国家公权机关启动的鉴定结果认可度高于社会组织和私人主体,诉前鉴定的诉讼成本较低.基于此,提出通过明确诉前以生态环境行政机关启动为主、诉中由法院决定是否启动的顺位规则,完善生态环境损害鉴定评估的启动机制.Identification and assessment of eco-environmental damage can help to realize the value evaluation of environmental damage,and can also determine the causal relationship between behavior and damage.It is an important basis for environmental damage repair and compensation.However,the existing laws and policies have not formed a perfect starting mechanism for the identification and assessment of eco-environmental damage.In order to clarify the driving factors of identification and assessment of eco-environmental damage and improve the starting mechanism,this paper firstly reviews the current legal policies of ecological damage appraisal and assessment.Secondly,this paper uses Probit model to analyze the data of 949 environmental civil justice cases to explore the driving factors of initiation.Thirdly,qualitative analysis is carried out on the improvement of start-up mechanism.The results show that the main body of ecological damage identification and assessment is extensive.The main body types of the plaintiff and the defendant,the type of ecological environmental damage,and the level of the court have a significant impact on the initiation of identification and assessment of eco-environmental damage.The acceptability of the appraisal results initiated by the state public authority is higher than that of social organizations and private subjects,and the litigation cost of pre-litigation appraisal is lower.Based on the above results,this paper concludes that we should clearly stipulate the sequence of starting subjects through legislation to optimize the starting mechanism.Before the litigation,the identification and assessment of eco-environmental damage should be initiated by eco-environment related administrative agencies.During the litigation,only the court should have the right to decide whether to start the identification and assessment of eco-environmental damage.

关 键 词：生态环境损害 生态环境损害鉴定评估 驱动因素 启动机制 

分 类 号：X32[环境科学与工程—环境工程]