新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情前后长沙地区常见儿童呼吸道感染疾病流行特点分析  

Epidemiological characteristics of common childhood respiratory tract infections in Changsha area before and after coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic

作　　者：付敏 郭宽鹏[1] 刘灿 刘娜[1] Fu Min;Guo Kuanpeng;Liu Can;Liu Na(Center of Clinical Laboratory,Hunan Children's Hospital,Changsha 410007,Hunan,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南省儿童医院检验中心,湖南长沙410007

出　　处：《实用检验医师杂志》2022年第1期55-58,共4页Chinese Journal of Clinical Pathologist

摘　　要：目的分析并比较新型冠状病毒肺炎(新冠肺炎)疫情前后长沙地区几种常见儿童呼吸道感染疾病的流行特点,为相关疾病的临床诊疗提供一定参考依据。方法收集2019年1月23日—2021年1月22日湖南省儿童医院收治的呼吸道感染样症状患儿的临床资料。将2019年1月23日—2020年1月22日检测的患儿作为对照组,将2020年1月23日—2021年1月22日检测的患儿作为观察组;根据病原体种类不同,每组分为3个亚组,分别为甲型流感(甲流)、乙型流感(乙流)和肺炎支原体(MP)亚组。分析并比较不同时间段两组患儿以及各组内不同性别、年龄患儿和不同季节的呼吸道感染病原体(包括甲流、乙流病毒、MP)的阳性检出率。结果观察组甲流、乙流病毒和MP的阳性检出率均明显低于对照组〔甲流:2.22%(624/28109)比14.52%(13095/90189),乙流:1.20%(337/28109)比5.46%(4927/90189),MP:13.44%(2874/21389)比20.94%(11659/55672),均P<0.05〕。两组中男性和女性的甲流和乙流病毒检出率比较差异均无统计学意义〔对照组:甲流:14.49%(7650/52794)比14.56%(5445/37395),乙流:5.57%(2940/52794)比5.31%(1987/37395);观察组:甲流:2.35%(387/16463)比2.04%(237/11646),乙流:1.17%(192/16463)比1.25%(145/11646);均P>0.05〕;两组中女性的MP阳性检出率均明显高于男性〔对照组:23.78%(5313/22344)比19.04%(6346/33328),观察组:16.68%(1393/8350)比11.36%(1481/13039),均P<0.05〕。两组中学龄期儿童的各种病原体阳性检出率均最高;流感病毒在冬季和春季的阳性检出率均较高〔分别为对照组:甲流:春季7.74%(1961/25343),冬季28.05%(9462/33735);乙流:春季9.16%(2321/25343),冬季4.00%(1349/33735);观察组:甲流:春季3.58%(233/6514),冬季4.22%(337/7986);乙流:春季0.17%(11/6514),冬季4.08%(326/7986)〕,夏季和秋季的阳性检出率较低。MP全年皆有检出,而在夏季和秋季感染率较高。结论我国针对新冠肺炎的各项防控措施对其他常见呼吸道感染性疾病Objective To analyze and compare the epidemiological characteristics of several common childhood respiratory tract infections in Changsha area before and after the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)epidemic,and to provide a reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment of related diseases.Methods The clinical data of children with respiratory tract infection-like symptoms in Hunan Children's Hospital from January 23,2019 to January 22,2021 were collected.The children detected from January 23,2019 to January 22,2020 were as control group,and the children tested from January 23,2020 to January 22,2021 were as observation group;each group was divided into three subgroups according to different pathogens,namely influenza A(IVA),influenza B(IVB)and Mycoplasma pneumoniae(MP)subgroups.The positive detectable rates of respiratory tract infection pathogens(including IVA,IVB and MP)were analyzed and compared between the two groups of children during different time periods,as well as in children of different genders,ages and during different seasons.Results The positive detectable rates of IVA,IVB and MP in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group[IVA:2.22%(624/28109)vs.14.52%(13095/90189),IVB:1.2%(337/28109)vs.5.46%(4927/90189),MP:13.44%(2874/21389)vs.20.94%(11659/55672),all P<0.05].There were no significant differences in the detectable rates of IVA and IVB between males and females of the two groups[control group:IVA:14.49%(7650/52794)vs.14.56%(5445/37395),IVB:5.57%(2940/52794)vs.5.31%(1987/37395);observation group:IVA:2.35%(387/16463)vs.2.04%(237/11646),IVB:1.17%(192/16463)vs.1.25%(145/11646);all P>0.05];the positive detectable rates of MP in females in the two groups were significantly higher than those in males[control group:23.78%(5313/22344)vs.19.04%(6346/33328),observation group:16.68%(1393/8350)vs.11.36%(1481/13039),both P<0.05].The positive detectable rates of pathogens in school-aged children in both groups were the highest;the positive detectable rates for influenza virus

关 键 词：新型冠状病毒肺炎 流行性感冒 肺炎支原体 流行特点 长沙地区 

分 类 号：R725.6[医药卫生—儿科] R181.3[医药卫生—临床医学]