驱动永磁同步电机的新型机械-电子混合逆变器  

Mechanical-electrical hybrid inverter for driving permanent magnet synchronous motor

作　　者：向学位 袁彬 柴建云[2] 李辉[1] XIANG Xue-wei;YUAN Bin;CHAI Jian-yun;LI Hui(State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment and System Security and New Technology,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400044,China;State Key Laboratory of Control and Simulation of Power System and Generation Equipments,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆大学输配电装备及系统安全与新技术国家重点实验室,重庆400044 [2]清华大学电力系统及发电设备安全控制和仿真国家重点实验室,北京100084

出　　处：《电机与控制学报》2022年第5期17-25,共9页Electric Machines and Control

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费(2021CDJJMRH-004)。

摘　　要：针对机械逆变器存在起弧风险、电子逆变器成本较高的问题,提出一种用于永磁同步电机驱动的新型机械-电子混合逆变器。换向器、换向电刷、辅助滑环和辅助电刷组成的机械部分用于将直流电压逆变为方波电压,并实现三相电压的固定输出。电子部分为电容和二极管组成的续流电路,能使起弧电压条件和电场强度条件无法同时满足,从而抑制机械换向器电弧。混合逆变器能简单、低成本和高效率地实现永磁同步电机无位置传感器驱动:120°方波驱动的方波永磁同步电机各项性能均达到和电子逆变器相当的水平;150°方波驱动的三相正弦波永磁同步电机相电流谐波较小,电磁转矩脉动小于方波永磁同步电机。实验过程中混合逆变器正常运行,无电弧产生,最高效率达98.9%。Aiming at the problems of arcing risk of mechanical inverter and high cost of electronic inverter,a novel mechanical-electrical hybrid inverter for driving a permanent magnet synchronous motor(PMSM)was proposed.The mechanical part of the hybrid inverter,which consists of a mechanical commutator,commutation brushes,auxiliary slip rings and auxiliary brushes,was used to convert the DC voltage into square-wave voltages,and the fixed outputs of three-phase voltages was realized.The electronic part is a freewheeling circuit that consists of a capacitor and diodes,which can make the arcing voltage condition and the electric field strength condition not meet at the same time,thus suppressing the arc of the mechanical commutator.The hybrid inverter implements PMSM position sensorless driving simply,with low cost and high efficiency.All the performances of square-wave PMSMs driven by 120°hybrid inverters are equal to those driven by electronic inverters,the three-phase sine wave PMSMs driven by 150°hybrid inverters have smaller phase current harmonics and smaller electromagnetic torque ripples than square-wave PMSMs.During the experiment,the hybrid inverter runs normally without arc,and the highest efficiency reaches 98.9%.

关 键 词：混合逆变器 换向器 无弧 无位置传感 永磁同步电机 

分 类 号：TM351[电气工程—电机]