重庆武陵山生物多样性保护优先区入侵植物现状及防治对策研究  

Researches on Invasive Plants in Biodiversity Conservation Priority Area of Chongqing Wuling Mountain

作　　者：唐佳 邓洪平[1,3] 张家辉[1] 胡玲 夏常英[1] 左有为 王圆圆 TANG Jia;DENG Hongping;ZHANG Jiahui;HU Ling;XIA Changying;ZUO Youwei;WANG Yuanyuan(School of Life Science,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China;Plateau Ecology Institute,Xizang Agriculture and Animal Husbandry College,Linzi Xizang 860000,China;Low-carbon and Environmental Protection Center,Chongqing Academy of Science and Technology,Chongqing 400715,China)

机构地区：[1]西南大学生命科学学院,重庆400715 [2]西藏农牧学院高原生态研究所,西藏林芝860000 [3]重庆科学技术研究院低碳与环保中心,重庆400715

出　　处：《西南大学学报（自然科学版）》2022年第5期65-73,共9页Journal of Southwest University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：重庆市生态环境局项目(20C0033);重庆市科委专项重点项目(cstc2019jscx-tjsbX0005).

摘　　要：武陵山为全国35个生物多样性保护优先区之一,重庆区域包括黔江、酉阳、秀山等8个区县.该文在野外调查、标本采集鉴定的基础上,结合文献资料分析了重庆武陵山生物多样性保护优先区入侵植物的种类组成、原产地、传入途径、分布状况、危害程度,并提出了防治对策与建议.结果表明:优先区共有外来入侵植物101种,隶属30科75属;种类最多的是菊科、苋科和豆科,共47种,占优先区总种数的46.53%;草本植物最多,有90余种,其中紫茎泽兰Ageratina adenophora、加拿大一枝黄花Solidago canadensis、空心莲子草Alternanthera philoxeroides等危害较大;源自美洲的种类最多,共62种,占优先区总种数的61.39%;低、中、高风险入侵植物各有49种、31种和21种,分别占优先区总种数的48.51%,30.69%,20.79%;主要生境涉及农田(田边)、路边、房前屋后、花坛、林下、林缘、荒地7种类型;在重庆各区县中,武隆区、酉阳县的种类最多,分别有59和57种,占优先区总种数的58.42%和56.44%.针对外来入侵植物在各区县的分布现状及威胁程度,该文提出要加大宣传力度,提高公众对入侵植物的认知水平,开展外来入侵植物普查,摸清本底,推进源头预防和监测预警体系建设,提升综合治理与应急控制能力等对策建议.Wuling Mountain is one of the 35 priority areas for biodiversity conservation in China.Chongqing area covers 8 districts and counties,including Qianjiang,Youyang and Xiushan.On the basis of field investigation,collection and identification of specimen,and reference of literature data,this paper aims to preliminarily analyze the species composition,origin,introduction,distribution and harm degree of invasive plants in the focused area,and proposes the prevention and control measures.The findings showed that there were 101 species of alien invasive plants belonging to 75 genera and 30 families in the focused priority areas.The most of species were from Asteraceae,Amaranthaceae and Leguminaceae,with a total of 47 species accounting for 46.53%.Herbaceous plants are most common,with around 90 species,in which Ageratina adenophora,Solidago canadensis and Alternanthera philoxeroides are more hazardous.Up to 62 species originated in America,accounting for 61.39%.In terms of risk potential,49 species of invasive plants are in low level,31 in medium and 21 in high,accounting for 48.51%,30.69%and 20.79%,respectively.The 7 types of main habitats of the invasive plants included farmland(field edge),roadside,front and back of house,flower bed,forest foot,forest edge and wasteland.Geographically,types of invasive plants in Wulong and Youyang are in the largest numbers,with 59 and 57 species,respectively,accounting 58.42%and 56.44%of the total species in the Priority Area.In view of distribution and threat of invasive foreign plants in Chongqing area,this paper proposed the corresponding proposals for preventive measures to strengthen publicity efforts and improve public awareness in this aspect,meanwhile to carry out a general survey of invasive foreign plants to understand actual true case,promote construction of source prevention mechanism,monitoring and warning system;thus to improve capabilities in comprehensive management and emergency control.

关 键 词：武陵山 生物多样性保护优先区 入侵植物 危害程度 防治对策 

分 类 号：Q948.1[生物学—植物学]