作为讽喻的事件——沈德潜时事讽喻诗考论  

A Series of Events Satirized by Literature:A Study on Shen Deqian’s Allegorical Poem as News Commentaries

作　　者：潘务正[1] PAN Wu-zheng(Chinese Poetry Research Center,Anhui Normal University,Wuhu Anhui 241001,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽师范大学中国诗学研究中心,安徽芜湖241001

出　　处：《苏州大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2022年第3期149-160,共12页Journal of Soochow University(Philosophy & Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“清代诗史典型事件的文献考辑与研究”(项目编号:18ZDA255)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：沈德潜诗中有十余首针对具体时政事件而发的讽喻诗,涉及其时敏感的话题,诸如朱三太子案、科场案、立太子事及满汉之别等。诗人以感事的方式,抒写其立场与态度,矛头往往指向最高统治者。同时,为达到“言之者无罪,闻之者足以戒”的艺术效果,诗人继承《诗经》及杜诗的讽喻传统,将情感通过比兴的方式表达出来。沈氏前中期深怀遗民意识,故对朝政多有批评;然自乾隆八年庶常馆散馆正式进入仕途后,由于被乾隆树立为诗坛典型,故诗风一变,歌功颂德之作增多,时政讽喻诗为应制诗替代。这一转变,也体现出乾隆文治举措的成效。In Shen Deqian’s poems,there are more than ten allegorical poems aimed at specific political events,involving sensitive topics at the time,such as the case of the crown prince Zhu San,cases of cheating in the imperial examination,the debate about who should be the crown prince,and the distinguishment of Han from Manchu,and so on.The poet expressed his positions and attitudes in a sentimental way,often pointing at the supreme ruler.At the same time,in order to achieve the artistic effect of“those who speak are innocent and those who hear are enough to abstain”,the poet inherited the allegorical tradition of The Book of Songs and Du Fu’s poems,and expressed his feelings through Bi and Xing.Shen Deqian carried a sense of relic in the early and middle period of his life,so there were many criticisms of the government in his poems at that time.However,since the eighth year of Emperor Qianlong’s reign,when the Shuchang hall was scattered,he officially entered the official career.At that time,he was established as a representative poet by Qianlong,so his poetic style also changed.These changes include the increase of works praising merit and virtue of governance,and political allegory poetry was replaced by response poetry.This change also reflects the effectiveness of Qianlong’s cultural governance measures.

关 键 词：沈德潜 讽喻诗 事件 

分 类 号：I207.22[文学—中国文学]