不同水分条件下保水剂对黄瓜根系和叶片生理特征的影响  

Effects of Super-absorbent Polymers on Physiological Properties of Cucumber Roots and Leaves Under Different Water Conditions

作　　者：纪冰祎 赵驰鹏 吴玥 宋吉青[1] 白文波[1] Ji Bingyi;Zhao Chipeng;Wu Yue;Song Jiqing;Bai Wenbo(Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;Liaoning Province Modern Agricultural Production Base and Construction Engineering Center,Shenyang,Liaoning 110032,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,北京100081 [2]辽宁省现代农业生产基地建设工程中心,辽宁沈阳110032

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2022年第2期114-121,共8页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“保水剂—土壤多相体系中团聚体形成及水分传导的互作机理”(41601226)。

摘　　要：[目的]研究不同土壤干旱生境中保水剂对黄瓜根系和叶片生理特征的影响,探讨其生长效应与土壤水分的内在联系,为保水剂的合理施用和农田科学灌溉等提供一定的技术参考。[方法]利用盆栽模拟试验,通过定量灌水,系统研究在3种不同的土壤水分条件下,保水剂对黄瓜根际水分、根系形态特征、叶绿素荧光参数和叶片气孔性状等生理特性的影响。[结果]①不同水分条件下,保水剂处理的黄瓜根系生长受到明显抑制。与对照相比,保水剂处理组在土壤含水量为田间持水量70%(FC_(2))和55%(FC_(3))时的总根长、平均根系直径、总根体积、根表面积和根干重均显著降低,分别降低了3.4%,24.2%,62.1%,41.0%和51.6%以上。②随着干旱胁迫的加剧,保水剂处理叶片的有效光合效率(F_(v)′/F_(m)′)和实际量子产量〔Y(Ⅱ)〕较对照出现先升后降的变化趋势,非光化学淬灭(NPQ)则呈相反的变化;尤其在FC_(2)和FC_(3)处理时,保水剂处理促使黄瓜叶片的光化学淬灭(q_(p))较对照分别降低了5.5%和9.1%。③与保水剂相比,土壤水分条件对黄瓜叶片气孔开张比和气孔开张度的影响更大。[结论]土壤水分状况是决定保水剂能否缓解作物干旱胁迫的重要因素之一。土壤含水量为田间持水量的70%和55%时,保水剂反而会加重干旱胁迫对黄瓜根系生长和叶绿素荧光特性的不利影响。[Objective]The effects of super-absorbent polymers(SAPs)on physiological properties of cucumber roots and leaves under different drought conditions were studied in order to clarify the internal relationships between plant growth and soil water conditions with SAP applications.[Methods]A pot experiment with varying irrigation amounts was conducted to study the effects of SAPs on physiological properties of cucumber rhizosphere moisture,root morphology,leave chlorophyll fluorescence parameters,and stomatal characteristics were measured under three different water conditions.[Results]①The growth of cucumber roots was significantly inhibited by the SAP treatments.Compared with the control,total root length,average root diameter,total root volume,root surface area,and root dry weight of SAP treatments were significantly reduced by 3.4%,24.2%,62.1%,41.0%,and 51.6%,respectively,when soil water content was 70%(FC_(2))and 55%(FC_(3))of field capacity.③Effective photosynthetic efficiency(F_(v)′/F_(m)′)and actual quantum yield〔Y(Ⅱ)〕with SAP treatments initially increased and then decreased with increasing drought stress,while non-photochemical quenching(NPQ)showed the opposite change.Especially with FC_(2) and FC_(3),the photochemical quenching(qp)values of cucumber leaves were significantly reduced by 5.5%and 9.1%,respectively,compared with the control.③The effects of soil water on open stomata number,total stomatal ratio,and stomatal opening of cucumber leaves were greater than the effects of SAPs.[Conclusion]Soil water content was one of the important factors determining whether SAPs can alleviate drought stress of plants.When soil water content was 70%and 55%of field capacity,SAPs aggravated the negative effects of drought stress on cucumber root growth and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics.

关 键 词：保水剂 土壤水分 根系形态 叶片气孔 荧光特性 

分 类 号：S642.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]