试论殷遗系铜器群  

PRELIMINARY DISCUSSION ON THE WESTERN ZHOU BRONZES WITH SHANG TRADITION

作　　者：李宏飞[1] Li Hongfei

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院考古研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《考古学报》2022年第2期149-170,I0001-I0004,共26页Acta Archaeologica Sinica

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“关中商代青铜礼器研究”(项目批准号:19CKG022)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：一问题的提出自北宋以来,“商器”的概念基本等同于商代铜器。《殷文存》序言即谓:“殷人文字,自宋以来,世惟于彝器中见之。……若夫彝器,则出土之地往往无考,昔人著录号为商器者,亦非尽有根据,惟商人以日为名,通乎上下,此编集录即以是为埻的。而象形文字之古者,亦皆入之,虽象形之字或上及夏氏,日名之制亦下施于周初,要之不离殷器者近是。”[1]容庚也指出:“吾人所据以定为商器者,一为图形文字,一为以日为名。然二者皆下及周代,故颇难[王高]定。”[2]彼时学者侧重于商周铜器断代研究,尚未从商周两系的研究视角对商系铜器展开深入考察。Bronze ritual vessels of the Western Zhou dynasty with specific forms,a combination centered on wine vessels,and a Shang cultural background can be called the bronzes with Shang tradition.These bronzes can be identified with some specific vessel types,which were originated from the Yinxu culture and continued to be popular in the Western Zhou,but were not seen or rare in the typical Zhou bronzes,such as the fangding-quadripod with bird figurine,squared spiral pattern,and bosses,fangding-quadripod with animal masks and phoenix pattern,jue-cup with animal mask pattern,gu-goblet with line pattern,zun-wine vessel with ring foot emulating pottery ware,and vessel with four eyes pattern.Among them,the gu-goblet and jue-cup are still the core of the assemblage.The ritual vessels made of lead alloy,having the same vessel types and combinations,belong to a broader category of the bronzes with Shang tradition.These vessels,including some specific types and gu-goblets,were mainly distributed in the east near Anyang,and the clustering of specific types in multiple locations suggests they have a correlation.The cultural integration into the Western Zhou dynasty led to the transformation of ornamentation and form on specific vessel types and related vessels.The bronzes with Shang tradition appeared when Yin nobles migrated to various places at the beginning of the Western Zhou;while disappeared in the southeast by the war between the Western Zhou and Huaiyi;finally,the bronzes with Shang tradition died out during the Zhao-Mu cultural innovation of the middle Western Zhou.Compared with the spatial distribution patterns of the remnants and burial customs,specific vessel types and vessel combinations are more easily altered.Thus,we need to think from a broader perspective of archaeological culture to accurately understand the objective reality of ancient material culture.

关 键 词：彝器 商代铜器 商周 容庚 殷文存 象形文字 图形文字 殷遗 

分 类 号：K876.41[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]