北京市优秀运动员中过敏性疾病的流行情况、治疗现状和相关影响因素  

The Prevalence,Treatment and Risk Factors of Allergic Diseases among Beijing Elite Athletes

作　　者：王飞[1,2] 朱敬先[1] 姜剑 宋扬 李璟[5] 王健全[1] Wang Fei;Zhu Jingxian;Jiang Jian;Song Yang;Li Jing;Wang Jianquan(Department of Sports Medicine,Peking University Third Hospital,Beijing 100191,China;Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine,Peking University Third Hospital,Beijing 100191,China;Beijing Xiannongtan Sports Technology School,Beijing 100050,China;Beijing Muxiyuan Sports Technology School,Beijing 100079,China;Beijing Xiannongtan Sports Technology School,Beijing 100029,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学第三医院运动医学科,北京100191 [2]北京大学第三医院呼吸与危重医学科,北京100191 [3]北京市先农坛体育运动技术学校,北京市先农坛体育场门诊部,北京100050 [4]北京市木樨园体育运动技术学校(北京市排球管理中心),北京100079 [5]国家体育总局运动医学研究所,北京100029

出　　处：《中国运动医学杂志》2022年第2期83-88,共6页Chinese Journal of Sports Medicine

摘　　要：目的:探讨北京队优秀运动员过敏性疾病的患病率和治疗现状,以及相关的影响因素和合并呼吸系统感染情况,为进一步合理化运动员的综合健康管理提供依据。方法:对259名北京队现役优秀运动员进行调查,运动项目涉及排球、手球、水中项目(包括花样游泳、跳水、游泳)、摔跤、橄榄球、足球和乒乓球。收集运动员的基本信息,采用运动员过敏调查问卷(AQUA)筛查运动员过敏性疾病的患病率、治疗情况、合并呼吸道感染的情况,对相关影响因素进行分析,AQUA评分≥5分被认为可能存在过敏性疾病。结果:调查发现存在过敏性疾病的运动员111人,占总人数的42.9%。在已经明确诊断的过敏性疾病中,过敏性鼻炎患病率最高(19.4%),其次是湿疹和荨麻疹(5.35%),支气管哮喘相对较低(1.34%)。患过敏性疾病的运动员占比在足球中最高(61.3%),其次是摔跤(52.2%),橄榄球中最低(29.4%),差异具有统计学意义(P=0.044)。多因素回归分析结果显示,年龄和运动项目是影响过敏性疾病发生的独立危险因素。大于等于16岁的运动员过敏发生的风险是小于16岁的运动员的2.16倍(OR=2.16,95%CI 1.25~3.77,P=0.006);不同类型的运动项目,运动员发生过敏的风险有差异,相较于橄榄球,足球运动员发生过敏的风险高1.74倍(OR=2.74,95%CI 1.33~5.66,P=0.007)。存在过敏性疾病的运动员中仅有20人(18.0%)曾使用过抗过敏药物治疗。结论:北京队优秀运动员中过敏性疾病的患病率较高,诊断和控制率偏低。年龄和运动项目是影响过敏性疾病患病风险的独立危险因素。有必要加强对运动员的医务监督,从而改善运动员健康状况,提高训练效率。ObjectiveTo explore the prevalence,treatment and risk factors of allergic diseases in Beijing elite athletes,as well as the combined respiratory infection,so as to provide a basis for further rationalizing the comprehensive health management.MethodsTwo hundred and fifty-nine Beijing elite athletes were surveyed using the allergy questionnaire for athletes(AQUA).The sports involved volleyball,handball,pool-based sports(including synchronized swimming,diving,swimming),wrestling,rugby,soccer and table tennis.AQUA score≥5 was considered to be with allergic disease.Results The prevalence of allergic diseases was 42.9%(n=111).Among physician-diagnosed allergic diseases,the prevalence of allergic rhinitis was the highest(19.4%),followed by eczema and urticaria(5.35%),while that of bronchial asthma was relatively low(1.34%).Soccer players were of the highest prevalence of allergic diseases(61.3%),followed by wrestling sportsmen(52.2%)and the lowest of rugby players(29.4%)(P=0.044).Multivariate regression analysis found that age and sports were independent risk factors of allergic diseases.The risk of allergies among athletes over 16 years old was 2.16 times that of athletes aged 11 to 15(OR=2.16,95%CI 1.25~3.77,P=0.006).Compared with rugby players,football players had a 1.74 times higher risk of allergies(OR=2.74,95%CI 1.33~5.66,P=0.007).Only 20(18.0%)of athletes with allergic diseases were treated with anti-allergic medications.ConclusionThe prevalence of allergic diseases is relatively high among the Beijing elite athletes,but the diagnosis and treatment rate is low.Age and sports are independent risk factors of allergic diseases.Therefore,it is necessary to strengthen the medical care of athletes to improve their health and training efficiency.

关 键 词：运动员 过敏 患病率 

分 类 号：R593.1[医药卫生—内科学] R181.3[医药卫生—临床医学]