监控施肥配施有机肥对渭北旱地小麦产量及养分吸收利用的影响  

Effects of Monitored Fertilization Combined with Organic Fertilizer on Wheat Yield and Nutrient Absorption and Utilization in Weibei Dryland

作　　者：蔡慧芳 李紫燕 史雷 张统帅 王书停 郝红玉 翟丙年 王朝辉 CAI Huifang;LI Ziyan;SHI Lei;ZHANG Tongshuai;WANG Shuting;HAO Hongyu;ZHAI Bingnian;WANG Zhaohui(College of Natural Resources and Environment,Northwest A&F University/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agro-environment in Northwest China,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Yangling 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院/农业部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《山西农业科学》2022年第6期781-787,共7页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31772389,42177342);国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0200403)。

摘　　要：为了明确监控施肥下有机无机肥配施对渭北旱地冬小麦产量及养分吸收利用的变化规律,为指导渭北旱地麦区科学施肥,实现区域小麦增产提供理论依据,通过田间试验,研究了农户施肥、监控施肥、监控施肥+有机肥、监控施肥+生物炭4种处理对渭北旱地冬小麦产量、肥料利用效率和养分吸收情况的影响。结果表明,监控施肥与农户施肥相比,产量及其构成因素和收获指数均无显著差异,氮、磷肥偏生产力分别提高19.16%和51.35%,氮、磷素生理效率分别提高7.05%和26.21%;监控施肥+有机肥与监控施肥相比,地上部吸磷量和吸钾量分别增加31.58%和21.99%;监控施肥+生物炭与监控施肥相比,地上部吸氮量降低17.57%,地上部吸磷量和吸钾量分别增加30.58%和40.62%。综上所述,监控施肥与农户施肥相比能够在保证稳产的前提下提高肥料利用率,且在监控施肥+有机肥处理下的减肥增效作用最优,该处理可以在渭北旱地生产实践中推广应用。In order to clarify the change law of the combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers under monitored fertilization on the yield and nutrient absorption and utilization of winter wheat in Weibei dryland, provide a theoretical basis for guiding scientific fertilization of dryland wheat area in Weibei and realizing regional wheat yield increase. In this study, through field experiments, the effects of four treatments including farmers′ fertilization, monitored fertilization, monitored fertilization +organic fertilizer, and monitored fertilization + biochar on winter wheat yield, fertilizer use efficiency and nutrient absorption in Weibei dryland were studied. The results showed that compared with farmers′ fertilization, there was no significant difference between the yield, its components and harvest index under the conditions of monitored fertilization, the partial productivity of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers increased by 19.16% and 51.35%, and the physiological efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus increased by 7.05% and 26.21%. Compared with monitored fertilization, phosphorus and potassium uptake in the shoots of the above ground respectively increased by 31.58% and 21.99% under monitored fertilization + organic fertilizer. Compared with monitored fertilization, nitrogen uptake in the shoots of the above ground decreased by 17.57%, and phosphorus and potassium uptake in the shoots of the above ground respectively increased by 30.58% and 40.62% under monitored fertilization + biochar.In summary, compared with farmers′ fertilization, monitored fertilization could improve fertilizer utilization rate under the premise of ensuring stable yield, and the effect of fertilizer reduction and efficiency increase was optimal under the treatment of monitored fertilization + organic fertilizer, which could be popularized and applied in Weibei dryland production practice.

关 键 词：冬小麦 监控施肥 有机无机肥配施 产量 养分吸收利用 

分 类 号：S512.11[农业科学—作物学]