旱地冬小麦植株磷素吸收利用及产量对覆盖方式的响应  

Phosphorus Uptake and Utilization of Winter Wheat Plant in Dryland and Response of Yield to Mulching Mode

作　　者：程宏波[1] CHENG Hongbo(College of Life Science and Technology,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学生命科学技术学院,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《山西农业科学》2022年第6期788-793,共6页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31760362);国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-3-2-47)。

摘　　要：为了探究不同覆盖措施对籽粒产量形成的磷素需求量和生理效率的影响,为西北雨养半干旱地保护性栽培措施推广使用提供科学依据,于2017—2019年在甘肃省定西市通渭县平襄镇半干旱雨养区进行2 a大田试验,设置了3种处理(玉米秸秆带状覆盖(SM)、地膜覆盖(PM)和露地种植(CK)),调查了不同覆盖方式下旱地冬小麦产量和植株磷元素吸收量,并计算冬小麦磷元素生理效率和需求量。结果表明,与CK相比,2年度PM和SM处理的冬小麦产量分别平均提高12.7%、10.7%,磷肥偏生产力相应分别平均提高12.7%、10.7%;PM处理的土壤铵态氮含量2 a分别显著降低54.4%和18.6%;PM处理籽粒养分形成的磷素生理效率2 a分别显著提高6.5%和8.0%,相应磷素需求量分别降低6.5%和7.3%。与CK相比,SM处理在2019年籽粒养分形成的磷素生理效率显著提高10.2%,相应的需磷量显著降低9.8%。覆盖栽培能显著提高冬小麦产量、磷肥偏生产力和籽粒磷元素形成的养分生理效率,并可降低籽粒养分形成的需磷量。In order to explore the effects of different mulching measures on the phosphorus demand and physiological efficiency of grain yield formation,and provide a scientific basis for the popularization and application of protective cultivation measures in Northwest Rain Fed Semi-arid Land,in this paper,a two-year field experiment was conducted in the semi-arid rain fed area of Pingxiang town,Tongwei county,Dingxi city,Gansu province from 2017 to 2019,and three treatments(corn straw strip mulching(SM),plastic film mulching(PM)and open field planting(CK))were set,the yield and phosphorus uptake of winter wheat of different mulching modes in dryland were investigated,and the physiological efficiency and demand of phosphorus in winter wheat were calculated.The results showed that compared with CK,the wheat yield of PM and SM treatments increased by 12.7%and 10.7%,respectively,the partial productivity of phosphorus fertilizer increased by 12.7%and 10.7%,respectively,and the soil ammonium nitrogen of PM treatment decreased significantly by 54.4%and 18.6%respectively in two years;The phosphorus physiological efficiency of grain nutrient formation of PM treatment increased significantly by 6.5%and 8.0%in two years,and the corresponding phosphorus demand decreased by 6.5%and 7.3%,respectively.In 2019,compared with the CK,the phosphorus physiological efficiency of grain nutrient formation of SM was significantly increased by 10.2%,and the corresponding phosphorus demand was significantly reduced by 9.8%.Mulching cultivation could significantly improve winter wheat yield,partial productivity of phosphorus fertilizer,and nutrient physiological efficiency of grain phosphorus formation,and reduce the phosphorus demand for grain nutrient formation.

关 键 词：冬小麦 磷素 玉米秸秆覆盖 地膜覆盖 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S314