不同施氮量对冬小麦灌浆特性及产量的影响  

Effect of Different Nitrogen Application on Grain Filling Characteristics and Yield of Winter Wheat

作　　者：贾峥嵘[1] 郝佳丽[1] 郝艳芳 刘勇 白文斌 JIA Zhengrong;HAO Jiali;HAO Yanfang;LIU Yong;BAI Wenbin(Institute of Sorghum,Shanxi Agricultural University,Jinzhong 030600,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学高粱研究所,山西晋中030600

出　　处：《山西农业科学》2022年第6期823-829,共7页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：高粱遗传与种质创新山西省重点实验室项目(2018Q-5;2019Q-1)。

摘　　要：为探讨山西中部冬小麦生育期最佳施氮量,以晋麦84为材料,设置9个氮素水平(0(CK)、120、150、180、210、240、270、300、360 kg/hm^(2)),研究不同施氮量对冬小麦地上部干物质、灌浆特性及产量的影响,并采用Logis⁃tic模型分别对不同氮肥处理的冬小麦灌浆进程拟合方程,计算灌浆参数和进行相关性分析。结果表明,不同施氮量处理的冬小麦地上部干物质积累量、公顷穗数、穗粒数和产量都显著高于CK,而千粒质量显著低于CK;210 kg/hm^(2)施氮量处理的冬小麦成熟期地上部干物质积累量最大。不同氮肥处理的冬小麦籽粒灌浆进程均呈“S”型变化,灌浆速率呈先升高后降低的趋势,在开花后21 d左右灌浆速率最大;150、180、210 kg/hm^(2)氮肥处理的冬小麦千粒质量相对较大,最大灌浆速率与平均灌浆速率较高,进入快速积累时间较早,灌浆持续时间与其他处理的差异不明显。相关性分析结果表明,冬小麦千粒质量与籽粒的灌浆速率和持续天数呈正相关关系;产量与穗粒数、千粒质量呈正相关关系,与公顷穗数呈负相关关系;公顷穗数与千粒质量呈极显著负相关关系。150~210 kg/hm^(2)的施氮量可降低冬小麦越冬期分蘖数,提高冬小麦籽粒灌浆速率,增加穗粒数和千粒质量,进而提高产量。In order to investigate the optimal nitrogen application for winter wheat in central Shanxi.In this study,Jinmai 84 was taken as the material tested,nine nitrogen levels were set up to study the effects of different nitrogen applications on dry matter above ground,grain filling characteristics and yield structure of winter wheat,the Logistic model was also used to fit equations of the filling process of winter wheat with different nitrogen fertilizer treatments respectively,calculating filling parameters and analyzing correlation.The results showed that the dry matter above ground accumulation,number of spikes per hectare,number of grains per spike,and yield of winter wheat in different nitrogen treatments were significantly higher than those of CK,while the one thousand grain weight was significantly lower than that of CK.The maximum accumulation of dry matter above ground in winter wheat at maturity was observed in the nitrogen treatment of 210 kg/ha.The wheat grain filling process in different nitrogen treatments showed an“S”pattern,and the filling rate showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing,the maximum filling rate was achieved at about 21 days after flowering.The wheat grain weight of the nitrogen treatments of 150,180,210 kg/ha was relatively larger,the maximum and average filling rates of the treatments were higher,and the rapid accumulation time was earlier,grain filling duration had no significant difference compared with other treatments.Correlation analysis indicated that one thousand grain weight of wheat was positively correlated with grain filling rate and duration of days;yield was positively correlated with the number of grains per spike and one thousand grain weight,and negatively correlated with the number of spikes per hectare;the number of spikes per hectare was highly significantly negatively correlated with one thousand grain weight.The application of nitrogen at 150-210 kg/ha could reduce the number of tillers during the overwintering period of wheat,improve the grain fi

关 键 词：冬小麦 施氮量 Logistic模型 灌浆速率 千粒质量 产量 

分 类 号：S512.11[农业科学—作物学]