固氮菌剂对黄芪生长、土壤养分及酶活性的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen-fixing Bacteria on Growth of Astragalus membranaceus,Soil Nutrient,and Enzyme Activity

作　　者：杨振宇 王宝慧 宋诗娟 石志勇 牛景萍 梁建萍[1,2] YANG Zhenyu;WANG Baohui;SONG Shijuan;SHI Zhiyong;NIU Jingping;LIANG Jianping(College of Life Sciences,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu 030801,China;Shanxi Key Laboratory for Modernization of TCVM,Taigu 030801,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学生命科学学院,山西太谷030801 [2]中兽医药现代化山西省重点实验室,山西太谷030801

出　　处：《山西农业科学》2022年第6期861-868,共8页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：山西省重点研发计划(社发领域)项目(201903D321204);山西省黄芪资源产业化及产业国际化协同创新中心项目(HQXTCXZX2016-004);山西农谷建设科研专项项目(SXNGJSKYZX201905);山西省现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(2021-11)。

摘　　要：为研制黄芪种植专用的生物有机肥,试验将前期筛选的5株黄芪高效固氮菌(J1、J2、G4、t16、t21)制成混合固氮菌剂(简称菌Ⅴ),于黄芪播种前拌种,常规播种后连续2 a测定黄芪各项生长指标、主要药效成分含量、土壤氮磷钾含量以及土壤酶活性,为黄芪专用生物有机肥开发提供物质基础。结果表明,菌Ⅴ拌种处理后有效促进了黄芪的生长及药效成分的积累;与对照(蒸馏水拌种)相比,1年生和2年生黄芪的根长分别提高了10.44%、14.81%,根径分别提高了25.63%、15.94%,根干质量分别提高了82.61%、27.23%,株高分别提高了12.37%、14.76%;黄酮含量分别提高了32.32%、99.20%,皂苷含量分别提高了23.71%、54.70%,多糖含量分别提高了78.29%、18.75%。同时,黄芪经菌Ⅴ拌种处理后,其种植地土壤氮磷钾含量和主要酶的活性也有明显改善,与对照相比,1年生和2年生黄芪根际土壤全氮含量分别提高了33.96%、27.78%,全磷含量分别提高了38.46%、63.41%,碱解氮含量分别提高了71.68%、68.66%,速效磷含量分别提高了13.08%、5.30%,速效钾含量分别提高了7.84%、8.21%;土壤脲酶活性分别提高了71.58%、46.44%,碱性磷酸酶活性分别提高了15.79%、15.65%。综上表明,利用菌Ⅴ拌种后,不仅可促进黄芪的生长和药效成分含量的积累,而且能够改善土壤养分和土壤酶活性。In this experiment, in order to develop a special bio-organic fertilizer for Astragalus(Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus) cultivation, a mixed nitrogen-fixing bacteria agent(referred to as JUN V) was made from 5 strains of highefficiency nitrogen-fixing bacteria of Astragalus(J1, J2, G4, t16, t21) screened in the previous stage. Seed dressing of JUN V was performed before sowing of Astragalus. The growth quantity and the content of main medicinal components of Astragalus,the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium in soil as well as the soil enzymes activity, were measured for two consecutive years after conventional sowing, providing material basis for the development of special bio-organic fertilizer for Astragalus. The results showed that the JUN Ⅴ seed dressing treatment significantly promoted the growth of Astragalus and the accumulation of medicinal components. Compared with the control(seed dressing of distilled water), the root length of 1-year-old and 2-year-old Astragalus increased by 10.44% and 14.81%, respectively;root diameter increased by 25.63% and 15.94%, respectively;dry root mass increased by 82.61% and 27.23%, respectively;plant height increased by 12.37% and 14.76%, respectively;flavonoid content increased by 32.32% and 99.20%, respectively;saponin content increased 23.71% and 54.70%, respectively;polysaccharide content increased by 78.29% and 18.75%, respectively. Simultaneously, the seed dressing treatment with JUN V also obviously improved the content of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the main enzyme activities of soil in the sowing filed of Astragalus. Compared with the control, the total nitrogen content of the soil in the root zone of 1-year-old and 2-yearold Astragalus increased by 33.96% and 27.78%, respectively;total phosphorus content increased by 38.46% and 63.41%,respectively;alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen content increased by 71.68% and 68.66%, respectively;available phosphorus content increased by 13.08% and 5.30%, respectively;available potassium content increased

关 键 词：黄芪 固氮菌剂 生长指标 药效成分 土壤养分 土壤酶活性 

分 类 号：S567.239[农业科学—中草药栽培]