容积式受限空间油料泄漏挥发特性模拟实验研究  

Simulation Experiment Study on Characteristics of Oil Leakage and Volatilization in Volumetric Confined Space

作　　者：李静野 蒋新生 李进 余彬彬 赵亚东 LI Jingye;JIANG Xinsheng;LI Jin;YU Binbin;ZHAO Yadong(Department of Petroleum,Army Logistics Universityof PLA,Chongqing 401331,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民解放军陆军勤务学院油料系,重庆401331

出　　处：《西南大学学报（自然科学版）》2022年第6期209-221,共13页Journal of Southwest University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC0809500,2017YFC0804705);国家自然科学基金项目(51574254);西安近代化学研究所开放基金项目(204-J-2019-0387-1/6-16).

摘　　要：为掌握油料在容积式受限空间内泄漏扩散的基本规律,分别从纹影成像、挥发特性、浓度分布3个方面研究了不同工况下汽油的挥发过程.结果表明:通过纹影系统可观测到油气在脱离液面后主要运动趋势为斜下方并伴随层流到湍流的转捩现象,系统内的气流运动则会加强其湍流度并改变油气运动轨迹;汽油挥发全过程的前1/7时间平均挥发速度相对较高,且随着环境温度的升高挥发速率呈非线性增长;扩散面积的增加同样会导致挥发速率的提升,且扩散面积的增加幅度往往高于挥发速率的增加幅度.油气在空间内部的浓度分布规律与泄漏源的位置密切相关:若泄漏源位于地面处,则近地面区域的油气浓度随着时间变化可能会产生二次峰值现象;若泄漏源位于高处,则各区域油气浓度在形成峰值后的耗散速率更加缓慢.In order to understand the basis regularity of oil leakage and diffusion in a volumetric confined space,the volatilization process of gasoline under different scenarios was investigated from three aspects:Schlieren photography,volatilization characteristics and concentration distribution.According to the observation of the volatilization process of gasoline by the schlieren system,it can be found that the main movement trend of oil gas was obliquely downward after leaving the liquid surface,also a transition phenomenon of laminar flow to turbulent flow can be observed.The airflow movement increased the turbulence of the diffusion process and changed moving tendency of oil gas.The average speed of volatilization was high in the stage of first 1/7 time of the total volatilization process.The volatilization rate of gasoline showed a non-linear increasement with the increase of ambient temperature.The increase of diffusion area also resulted the increase of the volatilization rate,and the amplitude of the increase in the diffusion area is usually greater than that of the volatilization rate.The distribution of oil gas concentration was closely related to the location of the leakage source.If the leakage source is located on the ground,the oil gas concentration in the near-surface area might have a secondary peak phenomenon over the time.If the leakage source is located at a higher place from ground,the dissipation rate of the oil gas concentration in each area is lower after forming the peak.

关 键 词：容积式受限空间 油气扩散 纹影成像 挥发速率 浓度分布 

分 类 号：X937[环境科学与工程—安全科学]