Reg蛋白在糖尿病领域研究进展  

Research Progress of Reg Protein in the Field of Diabetes

作　　者：王筱楠 罗晨[1] WANG Xiao-nan;LUO Chen(School of Life Science and Technology,China Pharmaceutical University,Nanjing 211198 China)

机构地区：[1]中国药科大学生命科学与技术学院,江苏南京211198

出　　处：《药物生物技术》2022年第1期102-106,共5页Pharmaceutical Biotechnology

摘　　要：糖尿病是一种全球性流行病,特征是胰腺β细胞产生的胰岛素绝对或相对匮乏,缺乏胰岛素或胰岛素抵抗会进一步导致慢性高血糖。临床主要治疗方式是补充外源胰岛素,但无法精准调控血糖。尽管市场上存在许多有助于控制糖尿病症状并延长患者生存期的药物,但糖尿病仍然无法治愈。因此开发保护胰岛细胞免受损伤、加强内源性胰岛素代谢调节的药物势在必行。再生蛋白首次在胰腺切除大鼠的胰岛中发现,且在糖尿病和胰腺炎中表达水平增加,表明Reg家族蛋白与胰腺再生密切相关。研究至今,在啮齿动物中共发现了7个Reg基因,人类中共发现5个Reg基因,按照其一级序列可分为四类:RegⅠ,RegⅡ,RegⅢ和RegⅣ。Reg蛋白的结构相对保守,均含有C型凝结素结构域,但不同亚型表现出不同特征和功能。Reg蛋白以年龄依赖性的方式在胰腺外分泌腺表达,在损伤或炎症条件下表达增加,影响多种糖尿病的发生发展。作为一种类生长因子,通过旁分泌或自分泌的形式与细胞表面的假定受体——外泌素样糖基转移酶3(Exostosin-like glycosyltransferase 3,EXTL3)结合,发挥促进细胞增殖、抵抗细胞凋亡、诱导分化和杀菌的功能。本文就Reg蛋白结构、功能及其在糖尿病领域的研究进展进行综述,以期对糖尿病治疗和预后提供思路。Diabetes is a global pandemic characterized by absolute or relative lack of insulin production by pancreatic beta cells.Lack of insulin or insulin resistance will further lead to chronic hyperglycemia.The main clinical treatment is to supplement exogenous insulin produced in the pancreas to regulate blood glucose levels.However,it cannot regulate precisely.Currently there is no cure for type one and type two diabetes,although drugs exist which help manage some of the symptoms and extend patient survival time.Therefore,it is imperative to develop drugs that protect pancreatic islet cells from damage and strengthen the regulation of endogenous insulin metabolism.Regenerative protein was first found in pancreatic islets in rats after pancreatectomy,and its expression level increased in diabetes and pancreatitis,indicating that Reg family proteins are closely related to pancreatic regeneration.So far,seven Reg genes have been found in rodents and five Reg genes in humans.According to its primary sequence,it can be divided into four categories:RegⅠ,RegⅡ,RegⅢand RegⅣ.Reg protein structure is conservative,all contain C-type lectin domain,but different subtypes show different characteristics.As a kind of growth factor,Reg protein binds to the putative receptor on the cell surface-exostosin-like glycosyltransferase 3(EXTL3)in a paracrine or autocrine form to promote cell proliferation,resist cell apoptosis,induce differentiation and resist bacteria.Reg family members are mainly expressed in pancreatic exocrine cells,and are age-dependent.Their expression increases under conditions of injury or inflammation.It is closely related to the occurrence and development of type 1 diabetes,type 2 diabetes and gestational diabetes.Reg protein can be used as a therapeutic target to maintain theβcell pool and strengthen endogenous metabolic regulation.This article reviews the structure and function of Reg protein and its research progress in the field of diabetes,in order to provide ideas for the treatment and prognosis of di

关 键 词：糖尿病 胰岛素代谢调节 再生蛋白 REG 胰腺损伤 胰岛再生 

分 类 号：R977.6[医药卫生—药品]