P.t.351、P.t.1049《景教卜辞》《鸦鸣占》缀合与研究  

Research on Christian Divinations and Crow Divinations:Reunion of P.t.351 and P.t.1049

作　　者：刘英华[1,2] 杨宝玉 Liu Yinghua;Yang Baoyu

机构地区：[1]中国藏学研究中心北京藏医院 [2]深圳大学印度研究中心 [3]中国社会科学院古代史研究所

出　　处：《国学学刊》2022年第1期50-64,139,140,共17页Research in the Traditions of Chinese Culture

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“敦煌中外关系史料的整理与研究”(项目编号:19ZDA198)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：文章首先查考出法藏敦煌藏文文书P.t.351与P.t.1049原属同卷,人为撕裂后各卷的正背面被收藏馆做了相反标定,论证了P.t.351+P.t.1049v可缀合为一篇相当完整的《景教卜辞》(共有93行26段文字,其中25段为卜辞)、P.t.351v+P.t.1049可缀合为一篇首尾齐全仅中间部分略有缺损的《鸦鸣占卜书》(其中存有未见于其他鸦鸣占文书序文的内容)。继而校录了两种占卜文书各自缀合部位的主要文句,并将其译为汉文,亦对与缀合工作有关的原卷的结构内容、敦煌藏文占卜文书的释读缀合与研究现状等进行了介绍分析。最后还就景教与景教卜辞,以及藏、汉、古印度鸦鸣占之间关系等问题进行了讨论,认为P.t.351与P.t.1049抄存的《景教卜辞》《鸦鸣占》是中外文化交流和外来文化本土化的文献例证,可揭示中国古代各地区、各民族、各宗教之间交流交融的历史,对于相关研究均具有重要学术价值。The thesis begins with an in-depth examination of the scripts and proves that Dunhuang Tibetan manuscripts preserved in France P.t.351 and P.t.1049 originally belong to one same scroll,which was intentionally split.Since the front and back of these pieces of the scroll had been mistakenly marked by the museum,we argue that P.t.351 and P.t.1049 v can be combined into one significantly complete Christian divination text(93 lines and 26 paragraphs,25 of which are divinations)and that P.t.351 v and P.t.1049 can be combined into one Crow Divination text,the beginning and ending of which are complete but the middle part is missing.On the basis of proofreading and translating the key parts of the two combined texts into Chinese,we illustrate the structure of the original scroll and discuss the combination and proofreading of Tibetan divination texts,as well as the analysis of the study of Dunhuang Manuscripts.Finally,we examine the relationship between Christian,mainly Christian Divinations and Crow Divinations in Tibetan,Chinese and Indian,and eventually concludes the Christian divinations and crow divinatious from P.t.351 and P.t.1049 are important literature proofs of culture communication and localization of exotic culture,which reveals the communication and integration between whether different regions,ethnic groups or religionsin ancient China.

关 键 词：敦煌藏文文献 占卜文书 景教卜辞 鸦鸣占 文书缀合 

分 类 号：B992.2[哲学宗教—宗教学] B979[文化科学—图书馆学] G256