小麦条锈病抗病遗传及菌源基地基因布局研究进展  

Research progress on genetics of wheat stripe rust resistance and distribution of resistant genes in inoculum source areas

作　　者：冯晶[1] 王凤涛[1] 蔺瑞明[1] 徐世昌[1] 陈万权[1] Feng Jing;Wang Fengtao;Lin Ruiming;Xu Shichang;Chen Wanquan(State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests,Institute of Plant Protection,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院植物保护研究所,植物病虫害生物学国家重点实验室,北京100193

出　　处：《植物保护学报》2022年第1期263-275,共13页Journal of Plant Protection

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2021YFD1401004,2018YFD0200500);国家自然科学基金(31871923,31871949);财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-03);国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(200903035)。

摘　　要：小麦条锈病是世界范围内严重影响小麦生产安全的重要病害。我国是世界上最大的小麦条锈病流行区,自成独立的流行体系。培育和种植抗病品种是防治病害最有效的措施。然而,小麦品种对条锈病的抗性常常由于病菌新小种的产生而丧失,这既是一个重大科学问题,也是一个亟待研究解决的生产实际问题。如何有效、合理地利用小麦的抗病性,植病学家和育种学家进行了一个多世纪的研究与探索,提出了各种理论与策略,开展了各种实践与探索。该文就小麦抗条锈病遗传及其基因布局研究进展进行综述,主要包括抗性鉴定评价、抗病基因发掘与利用、数量抗性位点定位、抗病基因克隆与功能解析、近等基因系创建与应用,以及抗源创制、抗病生态育种和大区基因布局等,并对深入开展抗条锈病基因发掘与利用和大区基因布局进行展望,以期为抗病育种和病害持续治理提供参考。Wheat stripe(yellow)rust caused by Puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici is the most important disease seriously impacting on wheat safety in production,and China is the biggest independent epidemic region of wheat stripe rust in the worldwide.It is the most effective measure for disease control to breed and plant resistant wheat cultivars.However,resistance of wheat cultivars to stripe rust usually breakdown due to be neutralized by new virulence in the pathogen,which is not only a major scientific issue but also a practical problem to be studied and solved urgently.To effectively and reasonably utilize the resistance of wheat itself in wheat breeding and disease management programs,phytopathologists and breeders have carried out collaboration for more than a century,and put forward to various theories and strategies,and different approaches.In this paper,we summarized the advantages on genetics of wheat stripe rust resistance,and development and distribution of disease resistance cultivars(or lines)with various stripe rust resistance genes(Yr genes),which include identification and evaluation for wheat stripe rust resistance,discovery and utilization of new resistance genes,mapping of quantitative resistance loci(QRL),gene cloning and function analysis,development of wheat near isogenic lines,creation of new resistance resources,ecological breeding for resistance and the regional deployment of resistance gene etc.Approaches for development and regional distribution of stripe rust resistance genes on wheat are also proposed in the paper.We are anticipating to provide an useful aid for wheat breeding of disease resistance and sustainable management of wheat stripe rust.

关 键 词：小麦条锈病 抗病基因 抗病生态育种 近等基因系 基因布局 

分 类 号：S435.121.42[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]