从卢德工人、新卢德派到数字工人——技术批判的建构主义思路探析  

From Luddites, New-Luddism to Digital Labor: A Probe into the Constructivist Thinking of the Critical Theory of Technology

作　　者：谢榕 XIE Rong(Zhou Enlai School of Government,Nankai University,Tianjin,300350)

机构地区：[1]南开大学周恩来政府管理学院,天津300350

出　　处：《自然辩证法通讯》2022年第4期80-89,共10页Journal of Dialectics of Nature

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大招标项目“新时代中国马克思主义社会学的理论创新和意识形态建设研究”(项目编号:18ZDA163)。

摘　　要：对劳动与工作形态的影响是现代技术作用于社会的主要方式,在这个领域中,技术的设计过程得以进一步评估和建构,关注与技术相关的劳动群体变迁能够启发对这两方面论题的深思,并探索技术建构论的潜能。以此为依据,通过分析卢德运动提出了技术是借由扰乱劳动者的“本体性安全”和技能的“恒常性”来促使劳动者发生转型的,接着在反思新卢德主义的核心立场时,发现它虽然没有对劳动关系给予足够重视,但启发了一种“亚文化”浪漫主义式的反技术思路。信息时代的数字劳动一方面延续了劳动群体变迁过程的特征,另一方面蕴藏数字技术批判建构主义的方向;通过国家对资本垄断角色的规制以及公众参与式的技术反思,可以探索数字时代技术批判的前景。The impact on the forms of labor and work is the mainly way that modern technology acts on society.In this field,the design process of technology can be evaluated and constructed.Focusing on technology-related labor groups can inspire the understanding of these two topics,and explore the potential of technology constructivism.From the analysis of Luddite movement,it is proposed that technology can promote the transformation of workers by disturbing the “ontological security” and the “constancy” of skills.It is found that although the New-Luddism have not pay enough attention to labor relations,it inspired a romantic anti technology route of “subculture”.On one hand,digital labor continues the characteristics of the change process of labor groups,on the other hand,it contains a direction of digital technology critical constructivism;The prospect of technology criticism in the digital age can be explored through the state’s regulation of capital monopoly and the public participation in technology reflection.

关 键 词：卢德运动 新卢德主义 数字劳动 技术批判 互联网 

分 类 号：D411[政治法律—政治学]