新疆主栽玉米品种不同生育期抗螟性鉴定及评价  

Identification and Evaluation of Resistance to Borer of Main Maize Varieties in Different Growth Stages in Xinjiang

作　　者：丁新华[1] 王志慧 贾尊尊 付开赟 吐尔逊·阿合买提[1] 杨杰[3] 郭文超[1] DING Xinhua;WANG Zhihui;JIA Zunzun;FU Kaiyun;Tursun Ahemaiti;YANG Jie;GUO Wenchao(Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crop in Northwestern Oasis,Ministry of Agriculture,Institute of Plant Protection,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091,China;Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Microbiology for Special Environment, Institute of Microbiology Application, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China;Institute of Food Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830052)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业科学院植物保护研究所/农业农村部西北荒漠绿洲作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830091 [2]新疆农业科学院微生物应用研究所/新疆特殊环境微生物重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830091 [3]新疆农业科学院粮食作物研究所,乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2022年第5期1180-1188,共9页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：自治区重点研发计划任务专项-课题“新疆玉米绿色丰产提质增效技术优化集成及应用”(2021B02002-2);国家自然科学基金“新疆同域亚洲玉米螟和欧洲玉米螟种间竞争取代的种群分化与环境驱动机制”(31960538)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究玉米抗螟性鉴定,筛选出新疆本地主栽的抗螟品种,为其玉米螟绿色防控及农药减施提供重要供选措施。【方法】采用食叶级别法、幼虫体重评价方法及剖秆调查法,鉴定新疆绿洲19个新疆玉米主栽品种不同生育期的抗螟水平。【结果】各供试玉米品种在心叶期及成熟期抗螟(玉米螟)水平存在显著性差异(P<0.05),心叶期抗螟性最好的是KWS1553,其平均食叶级别为2.9,幼虫存活率为33.33%,幼虫重为0.00077 g,达高抗(HR)水平;其次是新玉57号,其平均食叶级别、幼虫存活率及幼虫重依次为2.9、65.48%和0.00164 g,也达高抗(HR)水平;先玉335、KWS6333则均达抗(R)水平。成熟期抗螟性表现最好的是新玉108号,平均单株蛀孔数、平均单株隧道长分别为0.03个/株、0.04 cm/株;其次是五谷631,平均单株蛀孔数、平均单株隧道长依次为0.05个/株、0.04 cm/株;新玉57号抗玉米螟表现最差,平均单株蛀孔数、平均单株隧道长分别为1.08个/株,为3.06 cm/株。【结论】品种KWS1553、新玉108号、五谷631、五谷310、KWS6333、郑单958苗期及成熟期抗螟性较好,而新玉57号苗期抗螟性达高抗水平,成熟期抗螟性则较差。可优先选择种植抗螟较优的品种,杜绝感虫及高感品种的种植,可在一定程度上实现玉米螟的自然控制,并减少化学农药施用。【Objective】To identify the resistance level of maize borer and select the local anti-borer varieties in the hope of providing provide important alternative measures for the green prevention and control and pesticide application reduction in Xinjiang.【Method】The identification of resistance to borer in 19 maize cultivars at different growth stages in Xinjiang oasis was carried out by means of feeding grade method,larval weight evaluation method and culm survey method.【Result】There were significant differences in the resistance levels of corn borer at heart leaf stage and maturity stage among the tested maize varieties(P<0.05),which were as follows:KWS1553 had the best resistance at heart leaf stage,with an average feeding grade of 2.9,larval survival rate of 33.33%,larval weight of 0.000,77 g,and high resistance(HR)level.The average feeding grade,larval survival rate and larval weight of Xinyu 57 were 2.9,65.48%and 0.001,64 g,respectively,which also reached high resistance(HR)level.Xianyu 335 and KWS6333 reached the resistance(R)level.Xinyu 108 showed the best resistance to borer in mature stage,with the average number of borer holes per plant and the average tunnel length per plant being 0.03 and 0.04 cm per plant,respectively.The average number of cavities per plant and the average tunnel length per plant were 0.05 and 0.04 cm/plant,respectively.Xinyu 57 showed the worst resistance to corn borer,with the average number of borer holes per plant and the average tunnel length per plant being 1.08 and 3.06cm/plant.【Conclusion】Varieties KWS1553,Xinyu 108,Wugu 631,Wugu 310,KWS6333 and Zhengdan 958 show good resistance to borer at seedling stage and maturity stage,while Xinyu 57 show high resistance to borer at seedling stage and poor resistance to borer at maturity stage.It is suggested to choose the varieties with better resistance to the corn borer in production,and avoid the planting of susceptible and highly susceptible varieties,which can realize the natural control of the corn borer to a certain

关 键 词：玉米螟 抗螟性 抗虫品种 绿色防控 

分 类 号：S435.112.6[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]