窑具应用现状及发展前景  

Application Progress and Prospects for Kiln Furniture

作　　者：钱凡[1] 王龙光[1] 马渭奎[1] 杨文刚[1] 刘国齐[1] 于建宾[1] 禄向阳[1] QIAN Fan;WANG Longguang;MA Weikui;YANG Wengang;LIU Guoqi;YU Jianbin;LU Xiangyang(State Key Laboratory of Advanced Refractories,Sinosteel Luoyang Institute of Refractories Research Co.,Ltd.,Luoyang 471039,China)

机构地区：[1]中钢集团洛阳耐火材料研究院有限公司先进耐火材料国家重点实验室,洛阳471039

出　　处：《中国陶瓷》2022年第5期1-8,共8页China Ceramics

基　　金：中原千人计划-中原科技创新领军人才(204200510011);国家自然科学基金(51932008,51772277)。

摘　　要：窑具在高温窑炉中循环使用,用于支撑其运行或保护承烧制品的一类耐火材料,窑具的性能关系着窑炉的运行效率以及承烧制品的质量,其在卫生建材、功能陶瓷,粉体合成等领域应用广泛。传统铝硅质/碳化硅质窑具应用最为普遍,并面临居多问题:在循环服役过程中,反复的急热急冷导致其力学性能下降并最终损毁;窑具重量普遍高于甚至是数倍于承烧制品,在烧成过程中吸热造成能源浪费;随着5G通讯、锂离子电池等新兴产业的发展,传统的酸性材质窑具易与承烧的碱性制品发生反应,导致窑具损毁并污染承烧制品,同时用后窑具工作面含有Co2+(正极材料)等重金属离子,存在危害环境的风险。总结当前国内窑具的开发与应用现状,并得出今后窑具在以下几个方面需要持续开展的工作:(1)利用数值模拟计算服役时的热应力与机械应力分布,改善窑具抗热震性能。(2)开发低蓄热、高导热窑具,以适应高效,节能的窑炉工业发展趋势。(3)采用复合技术制备多层结构窑具,提高窑具表层材料反应惰性,实现抗热震性与抗侵蚀性的协同提升。Kiln furniture is a kind of refractories applied in industrial kilns to provide support or protection on sintering process of the products.Widely used in the fields of building materials,functional ceramics,powder synthesis and so on,the performance of kiln furniture is vital to the operating efficiency and products quality.The most widely used type is Al2O3-SiO2/SiC based kiln furniture,which is also facing lots of problems.Mechanical properties declined and eventually damaged due to frequent thermal shock in multiple-cycle operation.Energy waste due to heat absorption in the sintering process because the weight of the kiln furniture is generally higher than or even several times of the sintered products.With the development of 5 g communication,lithium-ion battery and other emerging industries,some alkaline products need be sintered.However,the acidic Al2O3-SiO2/SiC kiln furniture can be easily corroded by alkaline products at high temperature,which shortens the service life of kiln furniture and also pollutes the sintered products.Moreover,the corroded kiln furniture contains heavy metal ions such as Co2+(cathode material)after used,which is hazardous to the environment.This paper summarizes the current application progress of kiln furniture in China,and concludes some work to be carried out in the future:(1)The thermal stress and mechanical stress distribution for kiln furniture should be calculated to improve the thermal shock resistance.(2)Develop low thermal storage and high thermal conductivity kiln furniture for the trend of high efficiency,energy saving furnace industry development.(3)Develop multiple layer kiln furniture by composite technology to improve reaction less of surface and achieve synergy improvement of thermal shock resistance and corrosion resistance.

关 键 词：结构窑具 烧结器皿 节能 多层复合 

分 类 号：TQ174.653.8[化学工程—陶瓷工业]