苜蓿品种花粉形态特征的比较  

Comparison of Medicago pollen morphological characteristics

作　　者：图拉嘎 特木尔布和 张志强 Tulaga;Temuerbuhe;ZHANG Zhiqiang(College of Grassland,Resources and Environment,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010011,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学草原与资源环境学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010011

出　　处：《北方农业学报》2022年第2期94-102,共9页Journal of Northern Agriculture

基　　金：内蒙古自治区高等学校科学研究项目(NJZY20043);国家自然科学基金项目(32060388)。

摘　　要：【目的】明确不同苜蓿品种花粉形态特征,为探讨苜蓿品种演化提供依据。【方法】采用日立S-530扫描电子显微镜观测,比较7个苜蓿品种花粉粒大小、形状、萌发孔沟及表面纹饰。【结果】敖汉苜蓿极轴最长(44.27μm),花苜蓿极轴最短(35.48μm);草原4号紫花苜蓿赤道轴最长(26.39μm),花苜蓿赤道轴最短(20.56μm)。7个苜蓿品种花粉极赤比为1.54~1.81,草原1号杂花苜蓿极赤比最大,草原4号紫花苜蓿极赤比最小;7个苜蓿品种花粉直径大小为26.99~33.71μm,敖汉苜蓿花粉直径最大,花苜蓿花粉直径最小。【结论】7个苜蓿品种花粉形态均为中等大小,长球形,极面观为三裂圆形、赤道面观为椭圆形;均具3萌发孔沟,表面纹饰均为穴状或浅穴状。【Objective】The pollen morphological characteristics of different Medicago varieties were compared in order to provide basis for studying Medicago variety evolution.【Methods】The pollen size,shape,germination pore groove,and surface decoration of seven Medicago varieties were compared using a Hitachi S-530 scanning electron microscope.【Results】Medicago Sativa L.cv.Aohan had the longest polar axis(44.27μm),whereas Medicago ruthenica L.Sojak cv.Zhilixing had the shortest(35.48μm).The equatorial axis of Medicago Sativa L.cv.Caoyuan No.4 was the longest(26.39μm),while the equatorial axis of Medicago ruthenica L.Sojak cv.Zhilixing was the shortest(20.56μm).The seven Medicago varieties had polar axis length to equatorial axis length ratio(P/E)of 1.54 to 1.81.The largest was Medicago Varia Martin cv.Caoyuan No.1,while the smallest was Medicago Sativa L.cv.Caoyuan No.4.Seven Medicago varieties had pollen diameters ranging from 26.99 to 33.71μm.Among them,Medicago Sativa L.cv.Aohan was the largest,whereas Medicago ruthenica L.Sojak cv.Zhilixing was the smallest.【Conclusion】Pollen from the seven Medicago varieties are all medium in size,long spherical,trifid circular in polar view and oval in equatorial view,with 3-hole grooves and cave-like or shallow cave-like surface decoration.

关 键 词：苜蓿 花粉形态 花粉萌发孔沟 花粉表面纹饰 

分 类 号：S812.8[农业科学—草业科学]