“使”“令”由使派义到致使义转化的语义因素  

The Semantic Factors in the Transformation of“Shi”and“Ling”from the Causative Sense to the Resultant Sense

作　　者：李永 赵玉[1,2] LI Yong;ZHAO Yu(School of Chinese Language and Literature,Tangshan Normal University,Tangshan 063000,China;School of Foreign Languages,North China University of Science and Technology,Tangshan 063000,China)

机构地区：[1]唐山师范学院文学院,河北唐山063000 [2]华北理工大学外国语学院,河北唐山063000

出　　处：《海南师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2022年第2期116-122,共7页Journal of Hainan Normal University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“汉语的语序类型对语法化的影响研究”(17BYY149)。

摘　　要：“使”“令”致使义的用法,是由使派义经使役义发展而来的,其语法化受同一句子结构中另一个谓词和句首名词的影响。共现谓词的弱动作性、状态性、非主动性及非自主性是其重要的促变因素,句首成分施事性的弱化和话题化的增强也促成了这种变化。同时,“使”“令”的语法化还受到自身微观语义的影响。由于句内成分语义条件的变化,“使/令”字句在现代汉语中不再具有使派义和使役义,成为了表致使范畴的典型句式。The usage of the resultant meaning of“shi”and“ling”is developed from their causative meaning,whose grammaticalization is impacted by another predicate and the first noun in the same sentence structure. The change is largely caused by the weak action,state,non-initiative and non-autonomy of co-occurrence predicates as well as the weakening of the actualization of sentence prepositions and the enhancement of topicalization. Meanwhile,the grammaticalization of“shi”and“ling”is also impacted by their own respective micro semantics. Due to the change of the semantic conditions of the elements in the sentence,the“shi”/“ling”sentence no longer has the sense of causation and resultation in modern Chinese,and has become a typical sentence pattern representing the category of causation.

关 键 词：“使” “令” 使派 使役 致使 

分 类 号：H1-09[语言文字—汉语]