圈养瓶鼻海豚通信信号声谱特征及声行为研究  

Analysis on the Acoustic Spectrum Characteristics and Behavion of Whistle Signals of Bottlenosed Dolphins

作　　者：张略 尹力[1,3] 黄海宁[1,3] 薛山花[1,3] ZHANG Lue;YIN Li;HUANG Haining;XUE Shanhua(The Institute of Acoustics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,100190,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,100049,China;Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Underwater Acoustic Signal Processing,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,100190,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院声学研究所,北京100190 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]中国科学院先进水下信息技术重点实验室,北京100190

出　　处：《网络新媒体技术》2022年第3期31-37,共7页Network New Media Technology

摘　　要：对2只圈养瓶鼻海豚的通信信号进行采集,通过Matlab进行短时傅里叶变换生成声谱图,根据频率阈值提取信号基频轮廓,计算其起始频率、结束频率、最大频率、最小频率、持续时间、拐点数的均值及标准偏差,采用双尾t检验分析2只海豚声谱特征的差异性,并将信号类型与行为进行匹配分析。结果表明,2只海豚的发声类型与声谱特征均存在差异:发声类型主要以固定型为主,3号发出上扫型与正弦型的比例更高;声谱特征在持续时间、最小频率处存在显著差异(p<0.05)。在行为方面,信号类型与行为存在关联:跃出水面时,主要发出固定型信号,在栅栏处停留时,主要发出凸型信号,推测固定型信号是跃出水面的标志声音,凸型是与同伴交流的标志声音。In this paper,the communication signals of two captive bottlenose dolphins were collected by passive acoustics.Using matlab to generate sonogram and extract the fundamental frequency profile of the signal,the mean value and standard deviation of its starting frequency,ending frequency,maximum frequency,minimum frequency,duration,inflection point number,count the vocalization times of different types of signals were calculated,the difference between the vocalization types and sonogram characteristics of two dolphins were analyzed,and the signal types and behaviors were correlated and matched.The results showed that there were differences in phonation types and sound spectrum characteristics between the two dolphins:the phonation types were mainly fixed type,and the proportion of upscanned type and sinusoidal type in No.3 was higher;There are significant differences in sound spectrum characteristics at duration and minimum frequency(P<0.05).In the aspect of behavior,there is a correlation between signal types and behaviors:dolphins mainly send out fixed signals when jumping out of water continuously,and convex signals when staying at fences.It is speculated that fixed signals are the sign sounds of jumping out of water,while convex signals are the sign sounds of communicating with companions.

关 键 词：瓶鼻海豚 WHISTLE 信号 声谱特征 行为 信号类型 

分 类 号：TN912.3[电子电信—通信与信息系统] Q62[电子电信—信息与通信工程]