核反应堆退役放射性石墨处理处置技术  

Exploring the Treatment and Disposal of Nuclear Reactor Decommissioning Radioactive Graphite

作　　者：逄锦鑫[1] 叶一鸣[1] 吴栋[1] Pang Jinxin;Ye Yiming;Wu Dong(China Institute of Atomic Energy,Beijing 102413,China)

机构地区：[1]中国原子能科学研究院,北京102413

出　　处：《广东化工》2022年第9期34-35,28,共3页Guangdong Chemical Industry

摘　　要：针对反应堆退役过程中大量放射性石墨的处理处置需求,阐述了目前应用最主要的陆地处置、海洋处置和焚烧三种方法,其中作为固体废物处置需要将放射性石墨进行预处理,方法包括水泥固化、涂层包覆、高温自蔓延;海洋处理等技术;焚烧技术主要有固定床和流化床焚烧、激光焚烧和蒸汽热解等技术。本文认为焚烧可以大幅降低放射性石墨处置量,如能同时实现^(12)C和^(14)C同位素的分离,提取富集获得丰度较高的^(14)C同位素,实现^(14)C核素的资源化利用,将极大的提高退役处理过程的技术经济性。In view of the need to deal with a large amount of radioactive graphite in the process of reactor decommissioning,three main methods of disposal are described that are land disposal sea disposal and incineration.It need pre-treatment for solid waste disposal.The solid waste treatment methods include cement solidification,coating,high temperature self propagation and marine treatment;Incineration treatment methods include fixed bed incineration,fluidized bed incineration,laser incineration and steam pyrolysis.This paper holds that incineration can greatly reduce the disposal amount of radioactive graphite.If ^(12)C and ^(14)C isotopes can be separated at the same time,^(14)C isotopes with high abundance can be obtained by extraction and enrichment,and the resource utilization of ^(14)C nuclide can be realized,which will greatly improve the technical economy of decommissioning treatment process.

关 键 词：核反应堆 反应堆退役 放射性石墨 碳-14 处置技术 

分 类 号：TQ[化学工程]