兼顾公平和效率的养老机构空间配置优化研究——以上海市闵行区为例  

Research on Spatial Configuration of Residential Care Homes Based on Principles of Fairness and Efficiency:A Case Study of Minhang District in Shanghai City

作　　者：程敏[1] 崔晓 CHENG Min;CUI Xiao(School of Management, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China;School of Economics and Management, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China)

机构地区：[1]上海大学管理学院,上海200444 [2]同济大学经济与管理学院,上海200092

出　　处：《地域研究与开发》2022年第3期43-48,共6页Areal Research and Development

基　　金：上海市哲学社会科学规划项目(2016BGL008)。

摘　　要：为优化养老机构配置,构建了兼顾公平和效率的养老机构空间配置优化模型。以上海市闵行区为例,采用改进遗传算法与GIS技术,分析现有养老机构在空间分布和规模上的合理性。在对老年人口数量预测的基础上优化养老机构配置,提出优化方案,并探讨方案的合理性和模型求解算法的优越性。结果表明:研究区现有养老机构缺口大,部分机构偏离最佳区位。有3所养老机构在现有区位运行欠合理,部分养老机构需适当调整规模,需增设13所养老机构。优化后的养老机构配置方案公平性提高59.71%,居民出行效率提高47.30%,投资者经济效率提高7.25%。在优化过程中,改进遗传算法的求解精度和求解效率优于传统的粒子群算法、模拟退火算法和一般遗传算法。To optimize the configuration of residential care homes,a configuration optimization model for the residential care homes with multi-objective was constructed based on the principles of fairness and efficiency.Taking Minhang District of Shanghai as an example,the improved genetic algorithm and GIS were integrated to analyze the rationality of existing residential care home configuration firstly,and then the configuration scheme was optimized based on the predicted number of the elderly population,and a new optimization configuration scheme was proposed.Moreover,the rationality of the scheme and superiority of the algorithm were proved.The results showed that the numbers of existing residential care homes were deficient,the locations were unreasonable.Furthermore,three residential care homes were located in unreasonable areas,the scale of others needed to be adjusted appropriately and 13 new residential care homes should be built.The optimized configuration scheme can improve the fairness by 59.71%,the travel efficiency of residents by 47.30%,and the economic efficiency of investors by 7.25%.In addition,the computing accuracy and efficiency of the improved genetic algorithm are better than those of the swarm algorithm,simulated annealing algorithm,and traditional genetic algorithm.

关 键 词：养老机构 配置优化 改进遗传算法 GIS 闵行区 上海市 

分 类 号：F299.24[经济管理—国民经济]