疫情背景下的福建省高速公路机动车污染物排放清单  

Fujian Province highway motor vehicle pollutant emission inventory under the background of the COVID-19

作　　者：邹泽耀 郑鑫程 徐崇敏 曾晓莹 邱荣祖 林森 王占永 胡喜生 ZOU Zeyao;ZHENG Xincheng;XU Chongmin;ZENG Xiaoying;QIU Rongzu;LIN Sen;WANG Zhanyong;HU Xisheng(School of Transportation and Civil Engineering,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou 350108)

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学交通与土木工程学院,福州350108

出　　处：《环境科学学报》2022年第5期119-128,共10页Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(No.31971639);国家自然科学基金青年项目(No.41701552);福建省自然科学基金面上项目(No.2019J01406)。

摘　　要：机动车排放污染物已经成为大气污染的重要来源.基于福建省高速公路交通流量数据,采用自下而上的计算方法建立了2020年1-7月福建省高速公路机动车高分辨率污染物排放清单.结果表明,受疫情影响,福建省高速公路月均车流量和污染物排放量呈先下降后上升的变化趋势,4月污染物排放量达到最低,5月污染物排放量又迅速恢复到疫情前的排放水平,其中,疫情中期污染物CO、HC、NO_(x)PM_(2.5)和PM_(10)排放较疫情后期分别减少了90.68%、89.06%、92.58%、89.58%和89.63%.在整个研究期内,不同城市高速公路机动车污染物排放的分担率有所不同,泉州、福州和漳州的高速公路机动车排放分担率较高;从车型来看,小型客车和轻型货车是CO和HC的主要贡献车型,NO_(x)和PM主要来自重型货车和轻型货车;从燃料类型来看,汽油车是CO和HC的主要贡献源,柴油车则对NO_(x)和PM贡献突出;从排放标准来看,国三和国四车对各项污染物的贡献率最大.各项污染物空间分布一致,排放高值区位于东部沿海地区路段,西部内陆的高速路段的排放水平相对较低.从福建省高速公路机动车NO_(x)排放强度空间分布来看,3、4月各路段的排放强度均处于极低水平,从空间分布上看,沈海高速路段的机动车NO_(x)排放强度最高.沈海高速厦门和泉州段的机动车污染人口暴露水平较高,其他路段人口暴露水平较低.Pollutants emitted from motor vehicles have become an important source of air pollution.Based on the traffic flow data of the expressways in Fujian Province,a high-resolution pollutant emission inventory of the expressways from January to July in 2020 was established by the bottom-up calculation method.The results show that under the influence of the COVID-19,the monthly average traffic flow and pollutant emissions of the expressways in Fujian province decreased firstly and then increased.Pollutant emissions reached the lowest in April,and quickly recovered to the preCOVID-19 emission level in May.The pollutant emissions of the CO,HC,NO_(x),PM_(2.5)and PM_(10)in the middle stage of the COVID-19 decreased by90.68%,89.06%,92.58%,89.58%and 89.63%,respectively,compared with those in the post stage of the COVID-19.In the entire study period,different cities have different sharing rates of the pollutant emissions from motor vehicles,with Quanzhou,Fuzhou and Zhangzhou having higher motor vehicle emission sharing rates on the expressways.In terms of the vehicle types,the small passenger buses and the light trucks are the main contributors for CO and HC,and the heavy trucks and the light trucks are the main contributors for NO_(x)and PM.In terms of the fuel types,the gasoline vehicle is the main source of CO and HC,and the diesel vehicle is the main source of NO_(x)and PM.In terms of the emission standards,vehicles with China 3 and China 4 have the largest contribution rate to various pollutants.However,the spatial distribution of various pollutants is consistent,with the higher level emissions in the eastern coastal expressways,while the lower level emissions in the western inland expressways.From the spatial distribution of NO_(x)emission intensity of Expressways in Fujian Province,the emission intensity of each section in March and April was at a very low level.Taking the main emission of the motor vehicle:NO_(x)as a case,the Shenyang-Haikou Expressway section has the highest NO_(x)emission intensity.Moreover,the Xiame

关 键 词：机动车污染 福建省 高速公路 排放清单 疫情 

分 类 号：X51[环境科学与工程—环境工程]