新型冠状病毒T细胞免疫的人群特征  

Population characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 T cell immunity

作　　者：邓莎莎 徐志豪 胡婧 金腾川 DENG Shasha;XU Zhihao;HU Jing;JIN Tengchuan(Division of Life Sciences and Medicine,University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 23000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学技术大学生命科学与医学部,合肥230000

出　　处：《生物学杂志》2022年第3期24-29,共6页Journal of Biology

基　　金：中国科学院先导项目(XDB29030104)。

摘　　要：通过分析2019冠状病毒病COVID-19患者、COVID-19康复患者、未暴露群体和疫苗接种人群的新冠病毒特异性T细胞应答及新型冠状病毒T细胞免疫的人群特征,指出新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)引起COVID-19患者T细胞应答,T细胞活化程度与疾病严重程度密切相关;COVID-19康复患者体内存在记忆T细胞,能对外来的新冠抗原产生免疫应答;部分未暴露健康人群的T细胞也能被SARS-CoV-2抗原激活,预示了交叉反应和预存免疫的存在;疫苗接种人群体内存在特异性记忆淋巴细胞从而抵御新冠病毒入侵。同时总结了目前最受关注的几类新冠突变株(阿尔法变种、贝塔变种、伽马变种、德尔塔变种和奥密克戎变种),以及目前针对它们的细胞免疫的有效性,为开发有效的预防和治疗方法提供理论基础。The specific T cell responses of COVID-19 patients,convalescent patients,unexposed individuals and vaccinators,and summarized the population characteristics of T cell immunity to SARS-CoV-2 were reviewed.SARS-CoV-2 can significantly induce T cell responses in COVID-19 patients,and the degree of T cell activation is closely related to the severity of the disease.There are bulk of memory T cells in convalescents that can respond to SARS-CoV-2 antigens.Some T cells of unexposed healthy people can be activated by SARS-CoV-2 antigen,indicating the existence of cross-reaction and preexisting immunity.Vaccination population can induce the production of specific memory lymphocytes to defend against SARS-CoV-2 invasion.Several highly pathogenic SARS-CoV-2 variants(Alpha,Beta,Gamma,Delta,and Omicron variants)were summarized,as well as the effectiveness of current cellular immunity against them,providing a theoretical basis for the development of effective prevention and treatment approaches.

关 键 词：新型冠状病毒 T细胞反应 免疫 康复患者 

分 类 号：Q939.91[生物学—微生物学]