用于便携式轨检小车的轨距及磨耗检测方法  

Gauge and Wear Detection Method for Portable Track Inspection Trolley

作　　者：郑树彬[1] 彭乐乐 钟倩文 李立明[1] ZHENG Shubin;PENG Lele;ZHONG Qianwen;LI Liming(School of Urban Rail Transit,Shanghai University of Engineering and Technology Shanghai,201620,China)

机构地区：[1]上海工程技术大学城市轨道交通学院,上海201620

出　　处：《振动．测试与诊断》2022年第3期600-605,624,共7页Journal of Vibration,Measurement & Diagnosis

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51907117,51975347);上海市科技计划资助项目(22010501600)。

摘　　要：轨道线路的轨距及磨耗检测是保障列车运营安全的一项关键技术,传统的人工检测效率较低,大型轨检车检测及维护成本高,使得在轨道日检维护中缺少有效的设备及方法来满足轨道线路检测需求。为了解决此问题,提出了一种用于便携式轨检小车的轨距及磨耗检测方法。首先,基于光平面方程、机器视觉三维重构理论及相机标定技术构建了激光视觉检测模型及系统标定方法,获取了同一世界坐标系下的轨道左右轨轮廓线三维坐标值点集;其次,利用改进最近点迭代匹配算法,实现测量数据点集与标准钢轨点集匹配,计算得到轨距及磨耗值;最后,搭建测试系统进行实验验证。结果表明,该方法的最大测量偏差小于0.1 mm,能够满足轨道线路日常检修及维护要求,为列车安全运行提供了技术保障。Rail gauge and wear detection is a key technology to ensure the safety of train operation. The efficiency of traditional manual detection is low,and the large-scale track inspection vehicle has high detection and maintenance costs. Therefore,there is a lack of effective equipment and method in daily track inspection and maintenance to meet the increasing demand for track inspection. To solve this problem,a method of gauge and wear detection for portable track inspection trolley is proposed. In order to obtain the three-dimensional coordinate value point set of the track left and right track contour line in the same world coordinate system,the laser vision inspection model and system calibration method are constructed based on the light plane equation,machine vision three-dimensional reconstruction theory and camera calibration technology. By using the improved closest point algorithm to match the measured data point set with the standard rail point set,the rail gauge and wear can be calculated. Finally,the experimental verification is carried out by building a test system,and the results showed that the maximum measurement deviation of the method is less than 0.1 mm,which can meet requirements of the track daily maintenance,and provide technical guarantee for the safety of train operation.

关 键 词：机器视觉 最近点迭代匹配算法 轨距 磨耗 轨检小车 

分 类 号：TH71[机械工程—测试计量技术及仪器] TH741[机械工程—仪器科学与技术]