英国都铎王朝政体的名与实  

The Name and Nature of the Tudor Regime

作　　者：陆连超[1] 李巍 LU Lianchao;LI Wei

机构地区：[1]山西大学历史文化学院,太原030006

出　　处：《经济社会史评论》2022年第2期68-80,127,共14页Economic and Social History Review

基　　金：2017年度国家社会科学基金项目“英国现代化早期国家权威的建立与中央集权问题研究”(17CSS025)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：都铎王朝君主专制说在中国流传已久。20世纪90年代,刘新成对此提出质疑,以后学界没有再深入研究。都铎王朝是在议会中通过国王、上院和下院合议的方式,实现中央集权的共和政体,不是君主专制。都铎君主专制说由斯塔布斯提出,经格林系统论证为“新君主制”,又被波拉德误植为宪政的前奏。20世纪60年代,梅特兰、麦克法兰、柯林森等英国史学家不断证实都铎君主专制说不成立,柯林森还给出了“君主共和”的新定义。都铎政体为君主共和制,比较切合实际。The doctrine that Tudor monarchy was despotism had been circulating in China for a long time.Since Liu Xincheng questioned it in the early 1990s,there had been no further research on this issue in the academic circles.The Tudor Dynasty was a centralized Commonwealth,which realized through the tripartite coordination of the King,the House of Lords,and the House of Commons in parliament,rather than a despotic monarchy.The concept of“Tudor despotism”was proposed by William Stubbs,systematically demonstrated by J.R.Green as a“new monarchy”,and mistakenly transplanted by A.F.Pollard as a prelude to the constitutional government.In the 1960s,F.W.Maitland,K.B.McFarlane,Patrick Collinson and other British historians constantly confirmed that the concept of Tudor despotism was not tenable,and Collinson also gave a new definition as“monarchical republic”.It was more practical that the Tudor regime was monarchical republic.

关 键 词：都铎王朝 专制 新君主制 君主共和 

分 类 号：D756.1[政治法律—政治学] K561.33[政治法律—中外政治制度]