1922年天津民间集金赎路运动  

On Tianjin’s Folk Fund-Raising and Railway Redemption Movement in 1922

作　　者：李学智[1] LI Xuezhi

机构地区：[1]天津师范大学历史文化学院,天津300387

出　　处：《经济社会史评论》2022年第2期92-103,128,共13页Economic and Social History Review

摘　　要：华盛顿会议期间,中日签订《解决山东悬案条约》,中国收回胶济铁路,但须付高额赎路费。民国北京政府表示意在国内筹款,天津总商会率先提出民间集资赎路,北京政府慨然允诺并鼓励建立民业公司经营管理胶济铁路。天津总商会等各界团体响应,成立集金会积极推进集金赎路运动。各界民众的积极参与首先出于爱国热情,亦不乏经济利益的考量。但其后北京政府制定的组建民营公司及接收管理胶济铁路的14条大纲,遭到天津集金会的强烈反对。时际直奉战争爆发,社会恐慌,集金活动中止。战后北京政府总统易位,内阁改组,政局动荡,集金会与政府间的矛盾已无协调的机会与可能,集金运动颓然而终。1923年1月,北京政府以国库券支付赎回胶济铁路。1922年天津民间集资赎路运动是1919年以来民众爱国运动的延续,从中可透视民初之经济社会状况与政治生态。During the Washington conference,the Treaty to Resolve Unsettled Issues on Shandong was signed between China and Japan,and China took back Qingdao-Jinan Railway,but had to pay a high redemption fee.Beijing government of the Republic of China intended to raise funds domestically,and Tianjin General Chamber of Commerce took the lead in proposing to raise funds in the folk to redeem the railway.The Beijing government generously promised and encouraged to establish a private company to operate and manage Qingdao-Jinan Railway.In response,Tianjin General Chamber of Commerce and other organizations from all walks of life set up a fund-raising association to actively promote raising funds and railway redemption movement.The active participation of people from all walks of life was first and foremost out of patriotism,but also out of consideration for economic interests.However,the 14 outlines for setting up the private company,taking over and managing Qingdao-Jinan Railway formulated by the Beijing government were strongly opposed by Tianjin fund-raising association.At that time,the war between the Chili party and Fengtian party broke out,the society was in the panic,and fund-raising activities were suspended.After the war,the president of the Beijing government changed hands,the cabinet was reorganized,and the political situation was turbulent.There was no chance or possibility to coordinate the contradictions between the fund-raising association and the government,and the fund-raising movement ended in frustration.In January 1923,the Beijing government redeemed Qingdao-Jinan Railway with treasury bills.Tianjin’s folk fund-raising and railway redemption movement in 1922 was the continuation of the people’s patriotic movement since 1919,from which we can see the economic and social situation and political ecology in the early Republic of China.

关 键 词：中日鲁案交涉 胶济铁路 天津总商会 集金赎路 

分 类 号：F125[经济管理—世界经济] K261[历史地理—历史学]