国家干预经济的政治经济学分析——基于虚拟商品的视角  

Analysing State’s Intervening of Economy in Perspective of Fictitious Commodity

作　　者：谢富胜[1,2] 杜欣林 XIE Fu-sheng;DU Xin-lin

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学全国中国特色社会主义政治经济学研究中心,北京100872 [2]中国人民大学经济学院,北京100872

出　　处：《南京大学学报（哲学．人文科学．社会科学）》2022年第2期16-32,161,共18页Journal of Nanjing University(Philosophy,Humanities and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(21&ZD070);北京高校“双一流”建设资金支持项目。

摘　　要：“虚拟商品论”是从马克思主义政治经济学角度认识政府与市场关系,分析国家经济职能的逻辑基础。国家干预经济的对象并不是市场机制,对虚拟商品进行管理才是国家管理经济活动的基础。劳动力、自然资源、货币以及知识作为生产活动的基本要素,虽以商品形式得以流通和使用,但本质上不是私人劳动产品,只是“虚拟商品”。它们作为社会存在的基础和社会关系的集中体现,无法完全从属于市场规则;它们的非商品性质决定了仅凭市场机制不足以实现其生产、流通的有效调节。劳动力和自然虚拟商品的属性决定了其若被完全商品化,社会的稳定存续将面临问题和挑战,市场经济下它们作为生产要素的不可或缺性决定了国家要对其商品化进行干预,承担它们非商品形式的维持责任。货币和知识这两种社会物的商品化是市场经济发展的结果。货币的商品化程度和虚拟化程度越高,爆发危机的可能性越大,因此国家一方面要对此加以调节和规范,另一方面要确保支付体系的稳定。知识被赋予产权和专利的商品形式,但其并非纯粹的私人劳动产物,在某种程度上是社会协作劳动的结果,不能被完全商品化。从知识要素在生产过程中的使用来看,它们表现出的资本特性要求国家必须对知识的发展方向加以引领。Fictitious Commodity is the premise for understanding the relationship between the government and the market and analyzing the economic functions of the state in the perspective of Marxist political economy.And yet,in the perspective of fictitious goods,what a state intervenes in economy is not the market mechanism,but the management of fictious goods as the basis of state management of economic activities.As essential elements of production activities,labor,nature,money and knowledge can be circulated and applied in the form of commodities,and they are in essence"fictious commodities",rather than private labor products.As the basis of social existence and embodiment of social relations,they cannot be completely subordinate to market rules;Their nature of non-commodity explains why market mechanism alone is not enough to realize the effective regulation of their production and circulation.The attributes of labor force and fictious goods of nature determine that if they are fully commercialized,the survival and stability of a society will have problems and challenges.In market economy,their indispensability as factors of production determines that the state should intervene in their commercialization and be responsible for the maintenance of their non-commodity forms.The commercialization of money and knowledge is the result of the development of market economy.The higher the degree of commercialization and fictiousization of money is,the greater the possibility of crisis will be.Therefore,the state should regulate the payment system to ensure its stability.Intellectual property rights and patents are brought forth with commodity forms,and yet they are not purely the product of private labor.They are the result of social cooperative labor and cannot be fully commercialized.From the perspective of the use of knowledge in the process of production,their characteristics as capital of some sorts require the state to guide the development of knowledge.

关 键 词：虚拟商品 国家 市场 

分 类 号：F014.3[经济管理—政治经济学]