黄河中游及邻区晚新生代地层特征及地表过程讨论  

Discussion on Late Cenozoic stratigraphic features and earth surface processes in the middle reaches of the Yellow River and its adjacent regions

作　　者：魏荣珠[1] 王权[1] 庄其天 冯志强 闫涛[1] 胥勤勉 魏云峰[1] 赵俊斌[1] WEI Rongzhu;WANG Quan;ZHUANG Qitian;FENG Zhiqiang;YAN Tao;XU Qinmian;WEI Yunfeng;ZHAO Junbin(Shanxi Institute of Geological Survey,Taiyuan 030006,Shanxi;State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics,Institute of Geology,China Earthquake Administration,Beijing 100029;College of Mining Engineering,Taiyuan University of Technology,Taiyuan 030024,Shanxi;Tianjin Center,China Geological Survey,Tianjin 300170)

机构地区：[1]山西省地质调查院,山西太原030006 [2]中国地震局地质研究所,地震动力学国家重点实验室,北京100029 [3]太原理工大学矿业工程学院,山西太原030024 [4]中国地质调查局天津地质调查中心,天津300170

出　　处：《第四纪研究》2022年第3期823-842,共20页Quaternary Sciences

基　　金：中国地质科学院地质研究所项目(批准号:121201102000150012-05);山西省国土资源厅地勘基金项目(批准号:HXCT01-2018F005)共同资助。

摘　　要：黄河中游及邻区的黄土高原保存着完整的晚新生代风尘堆积序列,断陷盆地和山间盆地中沉积了数千米的河湖相沉积,隆升山系山前地带分布有山麓-洪积相沉积,成因类型齐全,研究历史悠久,是中国北方晚新生代地层研究的重要地区。文章主要依据近30年来各省(区)晚新生代地层最新研究成果,着重阐述了晚新生代地层的主要岩性、厚度、沉积相和分布特征,并通过对不同地区以及不同沉积类型之间的区域地层对比,尝试恢复各时期古地理地貌。古近纪-中新世早中期,区内地势东高西低,中东部总体都是持续抬升、剥蚀和夷平过程;中新世灞河期,区内东、西部发生了构造反转,东部开始接受沉积;上新世-早更新世早期,为内陆湖泊阶段;早更新世晚期-晚更新世早期,南北地形分异,北部仍为内陆湖泊环境,南部黄土加速堆积,内陆湖泊逐渐消亡,河谷下切,堆积阶地发育;晚更新世后期以来,地势高差加大,随着气候变暖,雨量增加,黄河全部贯通,高原北部沙漠化与南部水土流失日趋加剧,以侵蚀作用为主。现代东流入海的黄河水系格局形成可作为内陆湖泊阶段和高原河流阶段的分界,也是黄土从堆积为主向侵蚀为主的转折点。The middle reaches of the Yellow River and adjacent regions(34°~41°N,107°~114°E)are important areas for the study of the Late Cenozoic stratum in Northern China.Aeolian accumulation is well preserved on the Loess Plateau and has long been studied.Thousands of meters of fluvial-lacustrine sediments are stacked in fault basins and intermountain basins.Piedmont-diluvial deposits are distributed in the piedmont zone of the uplift mountain system,with complete genetic types.Based on the latest research and results of the Late Cenozoic strata in various provinces(regions)in the past 30 years,the article are focus on the main lithology,thickness,sedimentary facies and distribution characteristics of the Late Cenozoic strata,and make the comparison between different regions and different sedimentary types regional stratigraphic comparison,attempts to restore paleogeographic landforms in various periods.During the Early-Paleogene and Middle-Miocene,the terrain in the researched area show an increasing trend on the whole from west to east and the central regions were flattened by tectonic uplift and formation erosion.In the Bahe period of the Miocene,there exist in tectonic reverse in the eastern and western the researched areas.In the Pliocene-Early Pleistocene,there is typical inland lakes sediment in the north.Gradually,the accumulation of loess in the south accelerated,the inland lakes gradually disappeared,accumulation terraces developed,and the valleys were cut down.In the Late Pleistocene,the terrain elevation difference has gradually increased.The Yellow River crosses the Loess Plateau from the Shanxi-Shaanxi gorge in a nearly north-south direction.Desertification in the north and soil erosion in the south is increasing,and the area has shifted from accumulation-oriented to erosion-oriented.The formation of the sea system from the relatively closed inflow area to the open east inflow of the Yellow River in the middle reaches of the Yellow River greatly changed the natural ecological environment of the Loess Pla

关 键 词：黄河中游 晚新生代地层 黄土高原 地表过程 晋陕峡谷 

分 类 号：P534.62[天文地球—古生物学与地层学]