爆破法处理盾构机卡壳  

Blasting Treatment of Jammed Shield Machine

作　　者：黎蜀明 樊荆连 陈豫生 LI Shu-ming;FAN Jing-lian;CHEN Yu-sheng(Shenzhen Huahai Blasting Engineering Co.,Ltd.,Shenzhen 518019,China)

机构地区：[1]深圳市华海爆破工程有限公司,深圳518019

出　　处：《爆破》2022年第2期128-132,共5页Blasting

摘　　要：盾构机在坚硬的岩层中掘进因刀具磨损,造成隧道断面欠挖,纵向欠挖长度约2.5 m,导致左右线盾构机同时被卡在岩层中。为了使盾构机脱困,采用爆破法将欠挖段隧道上部分的断面扩大。扩大断面之前,需对盾构机前方掌子面爆破掘进一定的长度,为欠挖部位的钻孔爆破施工(反掘爆破)创造操作空间。紧贴盾构机刀盘掌子面的第一循环爆破施工难度最大:一是刀盘距爆破体的距离最小,要避免爆破冲击对刀盘的伤害;二是要考虑爆破后因岩石碎胀体积增大对刀盘造成挤压伤害。因此,采用短进尺、少装药和分区爆破,以减轻上述有害效应对刀盘的伤害。反掘爆破时,需将冲击力最大的掏槽爆破布置在离盾构壳体较远处,采用不耦合装药、对称起爆和控制药量等措施,最终将欠挖部分的断面全部爆破到位,使盾构机安全脱困。反掘爆破能在坚硬岩石条件下(抗压强度大于150 MPa),在宽0.6 m(盾构外壳与岩石之间)、孔深2.8 m的狭小空间中,能使爆破率达90%以上,这与采用了环空孔(中间装药孔周围环形布置6个空孔)掏槽密不可分。该方法可以用于中、坚硬岩石条件下盾构机被卡壳的脱困处理。Due to tool wear,the tunneling section of the shield machine in the hard rock stratum is under-excavation,and the length of the longitudinal under-excavation is about 2.5 m,resulting in the left and right line of the shield machine being stuck in the rock stratum at the same time.In order to get the shield out of trouble,the section of the upper half of the tunnel in the under excavated section is expanded by blasting.Before expanding the section,it is necessary to excavate a certain length of blasting on the front face of the shield machine,so as to create operation space for drilling and blasting construction(reverse blasting)in the under-excavated part.The first round blasting close to the tunnel face of the shield machine knife plate is the most difficult.Firstly,the distance between the cutter head and the blasting body is the smallest,so the damage to the cutter head caused by blasting impact should be avoided;The second is to consider the crushing damage to the cutter head caused by the increase of rock crushing volume after blasting.Therefore,short footage,less charge and zone blasting are adopted to reduce the damage of the aforementioned harmful effects on the cutter head.In the reverse excavation blasting,the cutting blasting with the largest impact force should be arranged far away from the shield shell,and measures such as non-coupling charge,symmetrical initiation and charge control should be adopted to finally blast the section of the under-excavation part into place,so that the shield machine can safely escape.Under the condition of hard rock(compressive strength greater than 150 MPa),in a narrow space with a width of 0.6 m(between shield shell and rock)and a hole depth of 2.8 m,the reverse excavation blasting can make the blasting rate reach more than 90%,which is inseparable from the use of cutting of annular empty hole(6 empty holes are arranged around the middle charging hole).This method can be used to solve the problem of shield machine being stuck under medium hard rock and hard rock condit

关 键 词：爆破处理盾构卡壳 环空孔掏槽 分区爆破 不偶合装药 对称起爆 

分 类 号：TD235[矿业工程—矿井建设]