有机肥替代化学氮肥对小麦叶绿素、叶面积指数及生育指标的影响  

Effects of Organic Fertilizer Replacing Nitrogen Fertilizer on Chlorophyll,Leaf Area Index and Growth Index of Wheat

作　　者：张久明 匡恩俊 迟凤琴 刘亦丹 孙磊 李伟群 佟玉欣 高中超 ZHANG Jiu-ming;KUANG En-jun;CHI Feng-qin;LIU Yi-dan;SUN Lei;LI Wei-qun;TONG Yu-xin;GAO Zhong-chao(Heilongjiang Academy of Black Soil Conservation & Utilizations/Key Laboratory of Black Soil Protection and Utilization,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas,Harbin 150086,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省黑土保护利用研究院/农业农村部黑土地保护与利用重点实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨150086

出　　处：《黑龙江农业科学》2022年第6期39-42,共4页Heilongjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家大豆产业体系(CARS-04);黑龙江省产业技术体系;国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1500204);水稻土和白浆土质量与产能提升三江示范区项目(XDA28100400);黑龙江省农业科学院“农业科技创新跨越工程”专项(HNK2019CX13)。

摘　　要：为了明确东北春麦区有机肥替代化学氮肥的最佳用量,本研究采用田间试验,分析有机肥替代化学氮肥减施措施对小麦生长时期叶绿素和叶面积指数及生育指标的影响。结果表明:拔节期小麦叶绿素和LAI以全量化学氮肥(N)处理最高,分别为46.47 mg·dm^(-2)和1.20。施用有机肥的处理中,50%有机肥替代化学氮肥(M_(1)N_(1))处理小麦叶绿素最高,25%有机肥替代化学氮肥(M_(2)N_(2))处理次之,全量有机肥替代化学氮肥(M)处理最低;M_(1)N_(1)处理和M_(2)N_(2)处理小麦LAI均为0.63,较CK处理与M处理提高了70.27%,较N处理降低了47.50%。虽然有机肥替代部分化学氮肥没有明显提高小麦叶绿素含量和叶面积指数,但处理后小麦各生育指标均高于CK和单施化肥处理,其中M_(2)N_(2)处理小麦株高、穗粒数、千粒重、地上部分生物量均高于其他处理,说明合理的有机肥和无机肥配施能均衡提高土壤的养分供应,有助于小麦产量提高。In order to determine the optimal amount of organic fertilizer instead of chemical fertilizer in spring wheat area of northeast,the field experiment method was used to analyze the effects of reducing application measures of organic fertilizer instead of chemical nitrogen fertilizer on chlorophyll,leaf area index and growth indexes of wheat during growth period.The results showed that the chlorophyll and LAI of wheat were the highest in the treatment of total chemical nitrogen fertilizer(N)at jointing stage,which were 46.47 mg·dm^(-2) and 1.20,respectively.In the treatment of applying organic fertilizer,the chlorophyll of wheat was the highest in the treatment of 50%organic fertilizer instead of chemical nitrogen fertilizer(M_(1)N_(1)),the second higher was the treatment of 25%organic fertilizer instead of chemical nitrogen fertilizer(M_(2)N_(2)),and the lowest was the treatment of total organic fertilizer instead of chemical nitrogen fertilizer(M);The LAI of wheat in M_(1)N_(1) treatment and M_(2)N_(2) treatment was 0.63,which was 70.27%higher than that of CK treatment and M treatment and 47.50%lower than that in N treatment.Although organic fertilizer replacing part of chemical nitrogen fertilizer did not significantly improve the chlorophyll content and leaf area index of wheat,the growth indexes of wheat after the organic fertilizer replacing part of chemical nitrogen fertilizer were higher than those of CK and single chemical fertilizer treatment,and the plant height,grain number per panicle,1000 grain weight,and aboveground biomass of wheat in M_(2)N_(2) treatment were higher than those in other treatments,indicating that reasonable combined application of organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer can balance and improve the nutrient supply of soil,it is helpful to improve the yield of wheat.

关 键 词：春小麦 有机肥替代化学氮肥 生育指标 

分 类 号：S51[农业科学—作物学]