不同离岸距离的养殖海区对海带养殖性状及苗绳老化的影响  

Effects of Cultivation Area of Different Offshore Distances on the Agronomic Traits and Breeding Rope Aging of Saccharina japonica

作　　者：刘义 梁洲瑞[2,3] 余雯雯 常丽荣[5] 卢龙飞 肖露阳 郑言鑫 刘福利 LIU Yi;LIANG Zhourui;YU Wenwen;CHANG Lirong;LU Longfei;XIAO Luyang;ZHENG Yanxin;LIU Fuli(National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education,Shanghai Ocean University,Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources(Shanghai Ocean University),Ministry of Education,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture,Shanghai 201306,China;Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Qingdao,Shandong 266071,China;Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes,Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao),Qingdao,Shandong 266071,China;East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Shanghai 200090,China;Weihai Changqing Ocean Science Thechnology CO.,LTD.,Weihai,Shandong 264316,China;Changdao Enhancement and Experiment Station,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Yantai,Shandong 265800,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学,水产科学国家级实验教学示范中心,水产种质资源发掘与利用教育部重点实验室,上海水产养殖工程技术研究中心,上海201306 [2]中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所农业农村部海洋渔业可持续发展重点实验室,山东青岛266071 [3]青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室,海洋渔业科学与食物产出过程功能实验室,山东青岛266071 [4]中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所,上海200090 [5]威海长青海洋科技股份有限公司,山东威海264316 [6]中国水产科学研究院长岛增殖实验站,山东烟台265800

出　　处：《渔业科学进展》2022年第3期156-164,共9页Progress in Fishery Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0900305,2018YFD0901505);财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系和烟台市科技计划项目(2019MSGY125)共同资助。

摘　　要：本研究选取不同离岸距离的养殖海区(由远到近分别为高区、中区、低区),研究不同海区环境对3个海带(Saccharina japonica)品种/品系(“寻山2号”、“寻山3号”和“205”)的生长性状,如长度、宽度、厚度、鲜重和干重的影响,结合不同捻距(80.8、65.6、61.1、53.4和48.3 mm)的养殖苗绳,分析了影响海带脱苗率的主要因素,同时,对比研究了不同海区和苗绳捻距对养殖苗绳力学性能和老化程度的影响。结果显示,对于相同海带品种/品系,其长度、宽度和厚度性状在不同海区表现不同,海带“寻山2号”和海带“寻山3号”在高区具有更优良的经济性状。不同品种海带的鲜重和干重均呈现为在高区较大、中区次之、低区最低,但离岸养殖对不同品种鲜重与干重的提升作用不同。无论养殖前后,特制养殖苗绳的断裂强力均显著高于传统养殖苗绳(P<0.05),养殖使用1年后,特制养殖苗绳的强力保持率为93.8%,而传统养殖苗绳仅为63.6%。捻距为61.1mm的苗绳脱苗率较低,捻距过大(80.8 mm)或过小(≤53.4 mm)的苗绳脱苗率均显著增大。高区养殖的苗绳分子链氧化更剧烈,老化程度更高。本研究表明,离岸式养殖对不同海带品种/品系产量均有提升作用,但不同品种对不同离岸距离,尤其是离岸深水区的适应性不同;通过控制苗绳捻距可有效降低海带脱苗率;离岸水域环境下进行海带养殖,选择耐老化、捻距为61.1 mm的特制苗绳可适当延长使用时间并降低脱苗率。本研究结果对推动我国离岸式海带养殖产业发展具有指导作用。The trend towards kelp Saccharina japonica cultivation in offshore areas is becoming increasingly obvious,but there is no relevant research report on the influence of different offshore distances on the agronomic traits of kelp aquaculture.The factors influencing the growth(length,width,thickness,fresh weight,and dry weight)of kelp and the seedling drop rate were explored for different kelp cultivars("Xunshan No.2","Xunshan No.3",kelp"205"),offshore sea areas(from far to near,defined as offshore,middle area and inshore),and pitches of twist kelp breeding rope(80.8 mm,65.6 mm,61.1 mm,53.4 mm,48.3 mm);the mechanical properties and aging degree of the breeding rope were also investigated.The results showed that:for the same kelp cultivar in different sea areas,the length,width,and thickness properties of the blade were different.The cultivars"Xunshan 2"and"Xunshan 3"showed better economic traits in the offshore area.The fresh and dry weights of the different cultivars were higher in the offshore area,followed by the middle area,and were lowest in the inshore area;however,offshore cultivation had different effects on the fresh and dry weight enhancement of the different cultivars.Whether before or after use,the breaking strength of the special breeding rope was significantly higher than that of the traditional breeding rope(P<0.05).After using a year,the strength retention rate of the special breeding rope was 93.8%,whereas that of the traditional breeding rope was only 63.6%.The seedling drop rate of the breeding ropes with a twist pitch of approximately 61.1 mm was the lowest,and the seedling drop rate significantly increased if the pitch of twist of the breeding ropes was too large(80.8 mm)or too small(≤53.4 mm).The molecular chain of the breeding rope used in the offshore was oxidized more severely,and the degree of aging was higher.The above results showed that offshore aquaculture can improve the yield of different kelp cultivars,but different cultivars have different adaptabilities to different offshore dist

关 键 词：海带 离岸距离 养殖绳性能 捻距 脱苗率 

分 类 号：S968.421[农业科学—水产养殖]