影响气候援助有效性的因素:基于巴西雨林保护试点项目与亚马孙基金的比较  

Factors Affecting the Effectiveness of Climate Aid:A Comparative Study between the Pilot Program to Conserve the Brazilian Rain Forests and the Amazon Fund

作　　者：陈岚[1,2] Chen Lan

机构地区：[1]浙江外国语学院西方语言文化学院 [2]浙江外国语学院拉丁美洲研究所

出　　处：《拉丁美洲研究》2022年第1期85-102,156,157,共20页Journal of Latin American Studies

摘　　要：发达国家有责任向发展中国家提供资金支持已经是全球气候治理的共识。然而,国际气候援助的资金进展和落实裹足不前,是气候谈判中最为迟缓、最为棘手的问题之一。争论的焦点在于何种资金机制能弥合发达国家和发展中国家之间的分歧,提高气候援助的有效性。巴西亚马孙毁林问题就是发达国家和发展中国家在气候问题上立场分歧的缩影。西方国家将亚马孙雨林视为“全球公共产品”,而巴西政治决策者则创造了一种“国际威胁和贪婪的想象”,抵制外国对巴西亚马孙主权的任何干涉行为。但自20世纪90年代巴西民主化以来,巴西政府逐渐对国际合作和援助敞开大门,接受了七国集团主导的巴西雨林保护试点项目(PPG7)。卢拉总统上台之后,提出成立巴西主导的、基于绩效支付的亚马孙基金。本文以气候援助是否实现减少毁林面积的目标、是否在制度建设方面产生积极影响为维度,对这两种气候援助机制的有效性进行了对比研究,考察影响气候援助有效性的因素。研究发现,亚马孙基金比巴西雨林保护试点项目更具有效性,影响气候援助有效性的因素在于援助国是否尊重受援国的自主权。In the field of global climate and environmental governance,it is a consensus that developed countries have a responsibility to provide financial support to developing countries,however,its implementation has always been one of the most difficult issues in climate negotiations.The focus of debate is on what kind of mechanism can bridge the gap between developed and developing countries while improving the effectiveness of climate aid.Deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon is a microcosm of this issue.Western countries regarded the Amazon rainforest as a global public good,while Brazilian policy-makers resisted any foreign interference in its sovereignty until 1990s,when Brazilian government gradually opened the door to international cooperation and assistance,and accepted the G7-led Pilot Program to Conserve the Brazilian Rain Forests.President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva,when came into power,proposed a Brazilian-led Amazon Fund which receives results-based payments for achievements in dealing with deforestation.Comparing the effectiveness of these two climate aid mechanisms,the author finds that the latter was more effective than the former.The key factor that affects the effectiveness of climate aid is whether the initiative of recipient country is respected by donor countries.

关 键 词：气候援助 亚马孙雨林 减少毁林和森林退化所致排放(REDD+) 巴西雨林保护试点项目 亚马孙基金 

分 类 号：D822[政治法律—政治学]