冷战时期美国对智利公共外交的历史演变及特点  

The Evolution and Characteristics of American Public Diplomacy towards Chile during the Cold War

作　　者：宋晓丽 Song Xiaoli

机构地区：[1]河北师范大学国别和区域研究中心

出　　处：《拉丁美洲研究》2022年第1期103-119,157,共18页Journal of Latin American Studies

基　　金：河北省社会科学基金项目“肯尼迪政府的拉美公共外交政策及影响”(编号:HB19SL001)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：冷战时期,美国对智利公共外交重在防止智利国内反美主义和共产主义抬头,保护美国在智利的经济利益,并防止智利倒向以苏联为首的社会主义阵营,从而维护美国在南美乃至整个拉美地区的主导地位。美国对智利公共外交发轫于冷战初期,通过信息交流项目和教育交流,企图抑制智利国内的民族主义和反美主义。亚历山德里时期,美国利用公关活动和人员交流,支持中右翼政党,防范左翼政党上台。弗雷时期,美国对智利开展了漫画宣传和推广“争取进步联盟”活动,帮助基督教民主党赢得总统选举。阿连德时期,美国通过公关活动支持中右翼力量,反对并试图挫败阿连德的“社会主义道路”改革。进入军政府时期,美智关系降温,美国对智利公共外交也随之式微。然而,曾经在冷战初期受到美国“智利项目”资助赴美学习的“芝加哥弟子”此时进入政界,引领了智利的新自由主义经济改革,成功推广了美国的价值理念和制度模式。美国对智利公共外交随着智利国内情况的变动而不断调整,是对政治、经济和军事等传统外交手段的有益补充。U.S.public diplomacy towards Chile began at the very beginning of the Cold War,suppressing nationalism and anti-Americanism in Chile through informational activities and educational exchanges.During the Alessandri period,the United States used public relations activities and personnel exchanges to support the center-right party and prevent the left party from taking power.During the Frei period,the United States carried out comic propaganda and the“Alliance for Progress”campaign in Chile,which contributed greatly to the Christian Democratic Party’s victory in the presidential election.During the Allende period,the United States supported center-right forces through public relations activities,trying to defeat Allende’s reform of the“socialist road”.During the period of the military government,U.S.-Chile relations cooled down,and U.S.public diplomacy toward Chile declined.However,the“Chicago Boys”who had been funded by the U.S.“Chile Project”to receive education in the United States at the beginning of the Cold War entered the Chilean political stage,led the neo-liberal economic reform in Chile,and successfully promoted American values and its institutional models.U.S.public diplomacy towards Chile continuously adjusted according to Chile’s domestic political situation,making it a useful supplement to traditional diplomatic means.

关 键 词：冷战 美国 智利 公共外交 反美主义 

分 类 号：K14[历史地理—历史学]