拉美土地改革的延误与经济增长困境:演化发展经济学的视角  

The Delay of Land Reform and Economic Growth Dilemma in Latin America: The Perspective of Evolutionary Development Economics

作　　者：王效云 Wang Xiaoyun

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院俄罗斯东欧中亚研究所

出　　处：《拉丁美洲研究》2022年第1期137-153,158,共18页Journal of Latin American Studies

摘　　要：演化发展经济学认为,报酬递增的高质量生产活动是经济发展的核心。工业相对农业来说是具有报酬递增特质的高质量生产活动,对于农业社会来说,发展的过程也就是从农业社会步入工业社会的过程,工业化无疑是拉美国家发展战略上的正确选择。然而,为什么拉美国家的工业化最终失败了呢?本文从工业发展的逻辑出发,给出一种基于市场视角的制度解释。本文指出,工业化的关键要素之一在于为报酬递增的工业生产活动提供大规模市场的支撑。改良主义的土地改革实践,使两极分化的收入分配结构在拉美地区得以长期维持,严重限制了拉美地区国内市场的扩大,难以为工业化的开展提供有效规模的市场支撑,进而使得拉美地区的工业化难以建立自我激励的正反馈机制。汲取拉美国家工业化失败的教训,我们应当切实采取有力措施兼顾效率和公平,借助“一带一路”倡议促进中西部内陆地区发展,提高农民收入,缩小区域差距和城乡差距,破除限制国内市场统一的体制障碍和制度障碍,将国内市场一体化提高到国家战略的高度予以推动实施,推动中国工业化由国际市场驱动向国内国际两大市场双轮驱动转变,以切实维护中国经济安全,推动“两个一百年”战略目标的实现。According to the evolutionary development economics,high-quality production activities with increasing returns are the core of economic development. Compared with agriculture,industry is a high-quality production activity with the characteristics of increasing returns,and development is the process of stepping from agricultural society to industrial one. Why did the industrialization of Latin American countries ultimately fail?Starting from the logic of industrial development, this article gives an institutional explanation based on the market perspective. This article points out that one of the key elements of industrialization is to provide large-scale market support for industrial production activities with increasing returns. The incomplete land reform practice has enabled the long-term maintenance of the polarized income distribution structure in Latin America,severely restricted the expansion of domestic market in Latin America that is necessary for the development of industrialization. Drawing lessons from the failed industrialization of Latin American countries,China should take effective measures to balance efficiency and fairness, promote the development of the central and western inland areas,increase farmers’ incomes,narrow the development gap between urban and rural areas, and remove institutional barriers that restrict the unification of the domestic market.

关 键 词：演化发展经济学 报酬递增 工业化 土地改革 

分 类 号：K15[历史地理—历史学]