十七世纪以来北京话韵母e、o、uo的演变  

The development of e,o and uo finals in Beijing dialect since the 17th century

作　　者：赵彤[1] ZHAO Tong

机构地区：[1]北京大学中国语言学研究中心/北京大学中文系,北京

出　　处：《中国语文》2022年第3期259-277,382,共20页Studies of the Chinese Language

摘　　要：北京话e、o、uo三韵母的基本范畴初步形成于十七世纪,其后主要发生了如下变化:1)口语吸收中古宕江摄入声的读书音,按本地发音规则用[uo]来匹配舌齿唇声母后的[o];2)口语吸收中古曾梗摄一二等入声的读书音,用本地音的[o]来匹配唇牙喉声母后的[■],用本地音的[ε]或[o]来匹配舌齿音声母后的[■],用本地音的[uo]来匹配[u■];3)韵母[ε]和[uε]分别变成了[o]和[uo];4)牙喉音后的[uo]一部分变成了[o];5)韵母[o]变成了[γ]。现代北京话语音是在元代以来北京口语音的基础上,吸收明清时期读书音的部分字音形成的。在近代北京话的演变过程中,读书音对口语音的影响主要在字音层面,口语音对读书音的影响主要在音系层面。Initially occurred during the 17 th century,thee,oanduofinals have undergone some changes in colloquial Beijing dialect:1)the literary pronunciation[o]in plosive-ending finals of Middle Chinesedang(宕)andjiang(江)groups was substituted by[uo]when preceded by dentals or retroflexes;2)the literary pronunciation[■]in plosive-ending finals of Middle Chinesegeng(梗)andzeng(曾)groups(divisionⅠandⅡ)was substituted by[o]when preceded by labials,velars or glottals,and it became[ε]or[o]when preceded by dentals or retroflexes,the[u■]was also substituted by[uo];3)the finals[ε]and[uε]changed into[o]and[uo]respectively;4)when following velars or glottals,some[uo]have changed into[o];5)the final[o]has changed into[γ]].Besides,modern Beijing dialect is supposed to have developed from the colloquial Beijing dialect of the Yuan Dynasty,and it contains some literary pronunciations of the Ming and Qing Dynasties as well.This indicates that,during the development of Beijing dialect,literary pronunciation influenced colloquial pronunciation at the lexical level while colloquial pronunciation influenced literary pronunciation at the phonological level.

关 键 词：北京话 韵母e 韵母o 韵母uo 读书音 口语音 

分 类 号：H172.1[语言文字—汉语]