汉语度量衡量词前加“个”现象考察  

The modification of Chinese measure words by ge(个)

作　　者：储泽祥 CHU Zexiang

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院大学文学院,北京 [2]中国社会科学院语言研究所/辞书编纂研究中心,北京

出　　处：《中国语文》2022年第3期314-323,383,共11页Studies of the Chinese Language

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“汉字与历代语文辞书的关系变化研究”(20AYY019)的资助。

摘　　要：汉语某些双音节或多音节的度量衡量词可以受量词为“个”的数量短语修饰,这是个体量词不具备的一个显著特征。文章认为,度量衡量词前边能否加“个”,主要取决于汉语词类节律和人们对度量衡量词的熟悉度。汉语双音词有名词性效应,汉语的本有度量衡量词“丈、尺、寸、厘、毫、斗、升、斤、两、亩”等都是单音节的,人们不会把它们看作名词;“厘米、平方米、千瓦、分贝”等是双音节或多音节的度量衡量词,都有可能被看作名词,因为是外来的,会给人以陌生感,被看作名词的可能性更大。In Mandarin Chinese,some disyllabic or polysyllabic measure words can be modified and preceded by the classifierge(个),which is not possible for monosyllabic measure words.This article argues that whetherge can be added before a measure word or not depends mainly on the rhythm and on how familiar the speakers are with the measure word.In Chinese,disyllabic words are more likely to be regarded as nominal.Hence,traditional monosyllabic measure words such aszhang(丈),chi(尺),cun(寸),li(厘),hao(毫),dou(斗),sheng(升),jin(斤),liang(两),andmu(亩)are less likely to be taken as nominal by Chinese speakers.Loaned disyllabic or polysyllabic measure words such aslimi(厘米),pingfangmi(平方米),qianwa(千瓦),andfenbei(分贝)sound more foreign and are more likely to be treated as nominal.

关 键 词：度量衡量词 前加“个” 节律 熟悉度 指称 

分 类 号：H146.3[语言文字—汉语]